Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech is included in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language for grade 11 (task 14).

The number of letters N in the suffix depends on the part of speech of the word.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of denominal adjectives

One N is written in suffixes:

• -AN- and -YAN- (clay, sand, etc.), with exceptions: glass, tin, wood;
• -IN- possessive adjectives (ant, mouse, etc.).

Double N is written:

• if the adjective is formed from a noun with a stem ending in N, using the suffix -N- (foggy, valuable, etc.), with the exceptions: young, ruddy, swine, zealous, dun, blue, green, crimson;
• in the suffixes -ONN- and -ENN- (lecture, countless, etc.), with the exception of: windy (however windless - with the prefix NN).

It is necessary to distinguish between the suffixes -ENN- and -YAN-: The suffix -YAN- is usually present in a word simultaneously with the stressed ending -OY (herbal, windy, etc.), except for words formed from nouns ending in -MYA (seed, nominal, tribal, etc.).

It is also necessary to distinguish between the adjectives buttery (verbal, meaning “with oil on the surface”) and oily (nominal, meaning “made from oil”): oiled frying pan (coated with oil) and butter cream (made from oil).

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives

To determine the number of letters H in a suffix, you need to use the algorithm:

1. Determine the type of the verb from which the participle or verbal adjective is formed (ask a question to the verb: if the question is “what to do?”, then the form is imperfect; if the question is “what to do?”, then the form is perfect. You can also check the type of the verb in another way: if a verb (and a participle or verbal adjective, respectively) has any prefix except NOT- and SEMI-, then the form is perfect, otherwise the form is imperfect):
   • If the type is perfect, the suffix is ​​written -NN- (soaked, fried, etc.);
   • If the view is imperfect, go to step 2;
2. Check whether the participle or verbal adjective has dependent words:
   • If there is, then the suffix is ​​written -NN- (fried in oil, etc.);
   • If not, then go to step 3;
3. Check if the participle or verbal adjective has the suffix -OVA- or -YOVA-:
   • If there is, then the suffix is ​​written -NN- (pickled, dispatched, etc.);
   • If not, then the suffix is ​​written -N- (fried, wounded, etc.).

It is worth remembering the spelling of the following words and phrases:

• with one H: forged, chewed, pecked, smart, mad, dowry, named brother, imprisoned father, forgiven Sunday, melted butter, patched-patched (and similar words);
• with double H: unexpected, unforeseen, unseen, unheard, desired, cutesy, accidental, read, seen, heard, done, seen, unexpected, sacred, slow, offended, decided, deprived, captive, abandoned, said, given, released, forgiven, promised , bought, inspired, heated house.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of short participles and adjectives and adverbs

The number of N depends on the part of speech:

• Short participles always have one H in the suffix (answer the questions “what has been done?”, “what has been done?”, there is a dependent word or it is implied, a short participle can be replaced with verb in a sentence): he is confident in his friend;
• Short verbal adjectives have as many Ns in the suffix as there are in their full form (answer the question “what(s)?”): she was confident and proud;
• Adverbs ending in -O, formed from adjectives or participles, have as many Hs in the suffix as there are in the adjective or participle from which they are formed (answer the question “how?”): he felt confident.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in noun suffixes

If a noun is formed from a noun with a stem ending in N, using suffixes:

• -NIK- or -NITs-, then the word is written -NN- (fan, admirer, etc.);
• -OST-, then the word is written -N- (laziness, etc.).

If a noun is formed from an adjective or participle with a stem ending in H, using the suffixes -IK-, -ITs-, -OST-, then it has as many Hs in the suffix as there are in the adjective or participle from which it is formed: smoked (from “smoked”), entanglement (from “entangled”), etc.

Determine why consonant words in two lines of poetry are written differently - with one and with two n.

And she's relaxed
Riding on it is risky.

256. Determine how these adverbs are formed.

Excellent O← excellent; fair, thrifty, unstoppable, unnecessary, tasteless, unclouded, harmless, concrete, most unpleasant, carefree, fun, harmful, cramped, cold, fearless, fearless, valiant(?) but , enthusiastically, naturally, sincerely.

thriftily
specifically [r"]

Applying this rule, reason like this: (Held) courageously. Courageously- this is an adverb and there are so many letters written in it n, how much is in the word from which it is derived ( courageous).

257. Match adjectives with adverbs of the same root. Also write down the phrases “verb + adverb”. Indicate the selection conditions n And NN in adverbs. What phrases can be used to describe a person’s gaze?

Look, sad(n, nn)y; excited (n, nn)y, tell; frightened (n, nn)y, flinch; forced (n, nn)y, smile; friendly(n, nn)y, look; closely (n, nn)y, look; look, attentively (n, nn)y.

258. Copy by opening the brackets and inserting the missing letters.

1. The boy was distracted (n, nn)o looking around. Among the forests of the scattered(n, nn)o there are many lonely hunting houses. In recent days, the girl has been (not) attentive, distracted (n, nn). 2. The friends looked at each other disappointed..rova(n, nn)o and sadly. The sister was disappointed when she learned that her friend (didn’t) bring her a book. 3. The mother ud..vle(n, nn)o looked at her son. Most of those present were pleased(n, nn) ​​about the girls’ words... 4. After yesterday’s storm.. the sea was turbulent(n, nn)o. The girl’s face was excited(n, nn)o. My companion spoke hotly and excitedly.

259. N or NN? Write it down using missing commas. Specify the conditions for their selection. What types of spellings are you working on? Title the text.

The word "epic" comes from the word "byl". But did everything that was said in the epics actually happen?

Performers of epics always enthusiastically (n, nn) ​​about the spark (n, nn) ​​e told about the courage (n, nn) ​​of the heroes who fearlessly (n, nn) ​​fought with the enemies of the Russian land.

Of course, there is (not) a little fiction in the epics, but they excitedly (n, nn) ​​narrate the battles and exploits of heroes who steadfastly endured the most difficult trials. Listening attentively or reading ancient tales, people remember memorable events in Russian history.

The people (not) by chance composed epics about noble intercessors who faithfully (n, nn) ​​selflessly serve people, protecting their freedom and peaceful life.

Recognition algorithm " N or NN write in words" presupposes the ability to determine:

1. part of speech the word being analyzed (adjective, participle, noun, adverb);
2. grammatical form in which it is used (full or short);
3. part of speech producing words ( the word from which the analyzed word is derived ), and if it is a verb, then it view ;
4. availability dependent words .

In nouns, adverbs and compound adjectives, write as much N, how much is in the original word. First, find the generating word, then work according to the algorithm: dumpling - boiled - cook (non-sov. species); confused (reply) - confused — confuse (non-sov. species); confused (to think) - confused - to confuse (owl. view), freshly frozen - ice cream - freeze (non-sov. view), non-frozen - ice cream - (not) freeze (non-sov. view).

Remember: you need to find the closest adjective or participle in meaning.

Don't skip a step - don't form a noun or adverb directly from a verb or noun: oil worker derived from oil (oil industry worker), but oil already from oil . According to the laws of word formation, all adverbs in -ABOUT derived from adjectives ( reserved - restrained etc.)

Н and НН in full forms of participles and adjectives

The most difficult thing is to distinguish between N and NN in full forms adjectives and participles. Here the distinction between adjectives and participles is not important: the sequence of actions and the result are the same for both.

Exceptions for the specified algorithm:

1. N - windy (But: windless ), dowry, young, ruddy, crimson, pork (non-derivative words);
2. NN - glass, tin, wood , unheard, unseen, (un)seen, unexpected, unexpected, desired, sacred, slow, read, counted, given, accursed (from the old. curse = condemn, owl. species), unexpected, accidental, imperishable, cutesy, made and some others.
3. With one H they are also written possessive adjectives (answer the question whose?) with the stem ending in -N: mutton, pheasant, crow, wild boar.
4. Verb injure - the so-called two-species: it can appear in a sentence in the meaning of both perfect and imperfect forms. In order to write N-NN correctly (except for particularly difficult cases), it is enough to work with it as an imperfective verb: wounded fighter - a wounded soldier, wounded in a firefight, seriously wounded, seriously wounded.
5. Adjectives differ oil (derived from the noun oil + -yan-; meaning “for oil, from oil, on oil” (oil stain, oil paints, oil pump) and buttery in the meaning “soaked, smeared with oil”, formed from the imperfective verb to oil (remember, before N-NN the vowel I of the infinitive changes to E): buttery porridge, buttery pancake, buttery week (Maslenitsa), and also in a figurative meaning - oily eyes (eyes that shine as if soaked in oil). Compare also: windy person - chicken pox, windmill; salty mushroom (from the verb to salt) - hydrochloric acid.

Н and НН in short forms of participles and adjectives

The short form is most common among passive past participles (abandoned - abandoned, abandoned, thrown) and for adjectives (cheerful - cheerful, cheerful, cheerful).

The spelling of N and NN in participles and adjectives is quite clear and concise:

1. short passive participles are written N;
2. in short adjectives - as much as in full ones.

Therefore, it is only important to accurately determine what part of speech - adjective or participle - is the word .

Remember the semantic and grammatical features that distinguish adjectives and participles.

1. Communion denotes action , usually it can be replaced with a synonymous verb, “turning over” the sentence or constructing an indefinite-personal (impersonal): Barge unloaded by workers — Workers unloaded the barge ; What was written with a pen - What was written with a pen.
2. At communion there is or you can think of dependent word in instrumental case , which denotes the producer of this action or tool: unloaded (by whom?) workers ; written(how?) pen.
3. Those words that do not satisfy the two criteria described above are those. are not participles - short adjectives. Let's add for greater reliability that they answer the question what? what? , usually refers to a noun and denotes quality: the girl was beautiful and well educated(a hint can be a homogeneous term - a short adjective beautiful).

Seeing a word with a final -ABOUT, first check if adverb is it (an adverb refers to a verb and answers the question How? ). If yes, write as much N, how many are in full shape. If not, then see if it is a short participle or a short adjective.

Sample. He acted rashly..o - How did you act? thoughtlessly..o , This adverb(in a sentence is a circumstance), therefore, I define the generating word - thoughtful (from a perfective verb). I write: thoughtlessly .

For example.

Celebration BNo– celebration NN y.

Interest But– interest N y.

Puta But– puta N y.

Exercise

Check if you wrote down the phrases correctly.

He cried out in fear NN O,

watched scattering NN O,

makes an attempt N O,

was frivolous NN O,

waited forever N O,

speak thoughtfully NN O,

answer puta N O,

time NN o be absent.

N and NN in adverbs starting with -O, -E

Adverbs must be distinguished from short participles, in which N is written, and from short adjectives, in which as many N are written as in the full form.

For example. How?

The class listened intently (attentively) to the teacher's explanations (adverb).

The face was concentrated, serious (Cr. adj.).

The troops were concentrated on the plain (cr.).

(concentrated)

Check the exercise.

1. The exhibition is organized N and sponsors (cr. pr.).

2. The excursion was organized NN o (adverb).

3. The student is disciplined NN and also organizing NN a (cr. adj.).

4. Everyone listened to the message excitedly NN o (adv.).

6. The meeting is excited N about the message (cr.prich.).

7. She was inattentive N and scattering NN a (cr. adj.).

8. Yesterday he listened to the talk NN o (adverb).

9. Scattering seeds N y across the field (cr. pr.).

Remember! Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include: unexpected slow strange sacred swagger minted desired damned done unseen unheard unexpected unexpected unexpected cutesy spicy green pork lamb blue rosy crimson YOUNG SMART NAMED (brother) PLACED (father)

Nouns and adverbs.

There are as many N written in adverbs as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?yy (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the imperfective verb to enrage, without the prefix and suffixes -OVA/-EVA = besheNy = besheNo)

Remember! Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception!

These include:

fraudster hard worker

nephew

dowry

Algorithm of actions.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which –Н- or –НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the words being analyzed are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Analysis of the task.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded(3)

A. 1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4)

1 Manners (what?) are refinements (1). This is a short adjective because it can be replaced by the full form exquisite. We determine the spelling of the full form: izizka…y is formed from the verb izyskat, which has the prefix iz-.

Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form.

Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from the imperfect verb to pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes –OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The car is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with the verb underloaded. In short participles one N is written.

Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Practice.

1. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written? The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

1) 1 2) 1, 2 3) 3 4) 1, 2, 3 2.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter H? In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures of mummers with (2) sooty faces, a girlish figure in a snow-white dress with braided (3) sleeves stands out clearly.

1) 1 2) 2, 3 3) 1, 3 4) 1, 2 3.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter H? In the painting “Kermessa,” Rubens depicted a crowd of heated (1) townspeople, desperately (2) dancing a frenzied (3) dance. 1) 1 2) 1, 2 3) 3 4) 1, 3

Answers: 3, 3, 3.

1. How can you distinguish an adjective from a participle? (If there are no dependent words and no prefix, then this is an adjective: loaded carriage, knitted jacket. In short adjectives, as many -N- are written as in full ones). But in short participles one letter N is always written.

2) Short verbal adjectives can be distinguished from short participles by the fact that they do not have an addition after them that answers the question “with what?” by whom?

For example. The population was collected by the chief of the garrison.

She was brought up under strict rules.

3) Short adjectives can be replaced with other adjectives

The girl is well-read (smart, erudite)

· Distinguish an adverb from an adjective and a participle.

Sort the phrases into the columns of the table

He looked surprised, irritated by the noise, muscles tense, gait slow,

help is provided, everyone is surprised, he did absolutely the right thing, he lived comfortably, he spoke irritably, he worked hard, he walked slowly, the design was perfect.

· Generalization.

What sections of the science of language did we remember? (Spelling, word formation, morphology, morphemics, syntax).

Homework.

We come across written language everywhere: on social networks, short messages to friends and family, in official letters to colleagues, and for some at school. Very often, children and adults have difficulty writing one or two “n” in adverbs, because this topic is one of the most difficult in the Russian language.

An adverb is...

How do you usually laugh? Fun, loud, modest? And what part of speech characterizes your laughter? This is an adverb, it helps us describe our actions (walk quickly, live together), some sign (very fast, very cheerful), an object (reading out loud, walking). To find an adverb in the text, it is enough to ask the question: “how?”, “where?”, “when?”, “where?”, “from where?”, “why?”, “why?”. Adverbs refer to unchangeable morphological units; they cannot be inflected or conjugated, and have no endings, gender or number. And only qualitative adverbs can have degrees of comparison.

Adverb meanings

According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into two categories: adverbial and attributive.

Circumstantial (indicate a sign of action):

• Time (arrived yesterday).
• Measures and degrees (a little late).
• Mode of action (runs quickly).
• Places (walks in the distance).
• Reasons (yelled rashly).
• Targets (dropped by accident).

Definitive (denote a sign of quality, another sign):

• Quantitative (slept a lot).
• High quality (terribly tired).
• Comparisons and likenings (howl like a wolf).
• Method and mode of action (travel by swimming).
• Groups (sitting together).

Degrees of comparisons of adverbs

Adverbs, like adjectives, can have comparatives and superlatives.

By comparative degree we mean any characteristic that is manifested to a greater or lesser extent. It is formed using the words “more”, “less”, suffixes “-ee”, “-ey”, “-e”, “-she”. For example, more quietly, more quietly.

Used to add expression, to denote the highest level of some quality. Such a degree is formed using the comparative degree and the words “all”, “total”. For example: quietest, loudest.

How many letters "n" should I write?

How many letters should I write? Let's remember when one and two "n" are written in adverbs. The rule sounds short and clear: an adverb contains the same number of letters “n” as there are in the word from which it is derived. For example: windy (adjective) - windy (adverb), fiery (adjective) - fiery (adverb).

Why do errors occur?

If the rule is as simple as it seems at first glance, then why do errors occur in the spelling of one and two "n" in adverbs? Let's look at the root cause.

Inability to identify part of speech. The rules for writing one and two letters “n” are different for all parts of speech, therefore, if you do not correctly determine the morphological affiliation of a word, you can make a mistake. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives and participles. Therefore, in order to determine whether one or two “n”s are written in adverb suffixes, we first need to find out how the word from which this adverb is derived is spelled.

In order to make the right choice, you need to remember the rule for choosing one and two letters “n” in adjectives. As we remember, in adjectives two letters “n” are written if;

1. It is formed using the suffixes "-enn-", "-onn-".
2. A lexical unit is formed using a noun with the stem ending in "n".
3. The exception words are “tin”, “wooden”, “glass”.
4. One letter "n" is written if the adjective is formed using the suffixes "-an-", "-yan-", "-in-". For example, the adverb “usually” is formed from the adjective “ordinary”. Since in the adjective “ordinary”, formed with the help of the suffix “-enn-”, two letters “n” are written, then in the adverb “usually” - too.

In participles, the double letter "n" is written in the following cases:

1. There is a prefix other than “not-”.
2. The word is formed from an unprefixed perfective verb (except for “wounded”).
3. There is a dependent word.
4. This linguistic unit is formed using the suffixes “-ovanna-”, “-evan-”. Exception words: “forged”, “chewed”, “pecked”.

One letter "n" is written if:

1. The participle comes from an imperfect verb without a prefix. Exception words: “desired”, “unexpected”, “unexpected”, “unexpected”.
2. This is a short communion. For example, the adverb “organized” is formed from the participle “organized.” Since this participle is formed using the suffix “-ovanna-”, two letters “n” are written in it, therefore, in the adverb too.

How not to make a mistake?

How to avoid making a mistake when using the rule of one and two letters "n" in adverbs? To do this, when you see a word in front of you that you find it difficult to spell, a certain algorithm of actions must appear in your head.

What should it be like?

Determine the part of speech in front of you (you can ask a question). So, here is an adverb. Now you need to find out what word it is derived from.

• If on behalf of an adjective, then we remember whether this word is an exception. If not, then we use the rule for writing single and double “n” in adjectives.
• We put as many “n”s as there are in the adjective.
• If an adverb is formed from a participle, we determine whether a single or double “n” is written in this word according to the rule.
• We write the same number of “n” as in the participle.

To consolidate the algorithm according to the rule of one and two “n” in adverbs, we use the phrase “the area is deserted” as an example. “Desert” is a qualitative adverb, answers the question “what?”, formed from the adjective “desert”, so the removed “n” is written.

Try to practice. Determine the spelling of the highlighted words:

• go slowly;
• the holiday was organized;
• listen to the scattering task;
• dress smartly;
• speak puta_o;
• unexpectedly fall asleep;
• speak enthusiastically;
• look disappointed_o;
• desperate to fight;
• smile in embarrassment;
• swim slowly;
• thinking about saying goodbye.

As you can see, to write adverbs correctly, you need to know the rules of the Russian language well and skillfully use them in practice. If you do not neglect the laws of spelling, then there will be no problems!