home Window Territory of electrical information WEBSOR. Classification of premises according to the danger of electric shock (pue and gost) Which room belongs to wet

Territory of electrical information WEBSOR. Classification of premises according to the danger of electric shock (pue and gost) Which room belongs to wet

To date, each enterprise is equipped with electrical equipment, which at times increases labor productivity. At the same time, electrical installations can pose a danger to workers if they are in such conditions under which the resistance of the human body to electrical voltage is significantly reduced. In this article, we will consider what kind of classification of premises exists according to the danger of electric shock according to the PUE.

Main classification

According to the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) section 1.1.13, domestic and industrial, commercial, office premises are divided into classes:

First grade- premises without increased danger. They are characterized by dryness (humidity does not exceed 45%), the possibility of sufficient ventilation, the presence of a heating system (the temperature should not be lower than 18-20 ° C) and the absence of dust. In addition, safe rooms must have dielectric floors and a fill factor of the area with metal objects of less than 0.2.

Second class- premises with increased danger, in which there are factors that pose a danger of electric shock to a person.

In turn, the second class is divided into groups that pose a danger:

high humidity (up to 100%);
high air temperature (over 30°C);
poor ventilation;
dustiness
conductive floors, walls.
conditions under which there is the possibility of simultaneous contact of a person with grounded structures, walls, columns, floors and with the body of technological mechanisms, electrical equipment.

Third class- these are especially dangerous premises (the presence of chemically active substances, high humidity, the presence of two or more conditions that pose a danger).

They also distinguish a group - the territory of open electrical installations, which is equated as especially dangerous.

The picture below shows how the premises are classified according to the danger of electric shock:

Special requirements and protective measures are imposed on the placement and operation of electrical equipment in such premises (for example, equipping working personnel with special uniforms, which increases the body's resistance).

What is the danger?

As we know, wet objects and water directly contribute to an increase in electrical conductivity, so any room with high humidity can be classified as dangerous (especially if moisture constantly accumulates on the floor, ceiling and walls).

High air temperature leads to aging of the insulation and a decrease in the insulating properties of protective coatings, which can also lead to an emergency.

A metal floor is a hazard, such as in conditions of simultaneous contact with electrical equipment and a grounded part of the building.

Chemically active substances can affect the insulation of electrical equipment, as well as contribute to the formation of current-carrying tracks from oxides.

It should be noted that various measures are used to improve safety in production: installation of ventilation systems, laying of dielectric flooring. All this makes it possible to minimize personnel injuries that occur when working with electrical equipment!

WORKBOOK

ON THE SUBJECT "HEALTH AND SAFETY"

Developer: teacher Klimova S.N.

2010

annotation

The study of the proposed questions activates the mental activity of students, develops independence.

Teachers of special disciplines, masters of industrial training, students in preparation for lessons on the proposed material can use the workbook in their work.

1. Classification of premises for electrical safety

pp.4-6.

2. Tests on the topic "Classification of premises for electrical safety" p. 7-13.

3. Safetyworkwith electrical installations

pp. 14-20.

. 4.Safety tests underworkin existing electrical installations

pp. 21-24.

5. Traumatism. Rendering of the 1st medical aid.

Pages 25-31.

6. Tests on the topic

Pages 32-36.

7. First aid kit universal

Page 37.

8. Public resuscitation techniques.

pp.38-43.

9. Questions for self-control

Page 44.

10. Combustion and properties of substances that characterize their fire safety. Basic concepts.

Page 45-56.

11. Questions for self-control and mutual control

Page 57-58.

Classification of premises for electrical safety

Electrical rooms are called rooms or fenced off, for example with grids, parts of the room, accessible only to qualified service personnel, in which electrical installations are located.

Dry rooms are called rooms in which the relative humidity does not exceed 60%.

Wet rooms are rooms in which steam or condensing moisture is released only briefly in small quantities, and the relative humidity of the air is more than 60%, but does not exceed 75%.

Damp rooms rooms where the relative humidity of the air exceeds 75% for a long time are called.

especially raw premises rooms are called rooms in which the relative humidity of the air is close to 100% (the ceiling, walls, floor and objects in the room are covered with moisture).

Hot rooms rooms are called rooms in which, under the influence of thermal radiation, the temperature constantly or periodically (more than 1 day) exceeds + 35 ° C (for example, rooms with dryers, drying and roasting furnaces, boiler rooms, etc.).

dusty rooms rooms are called in which, according to the conditions of production, process dust is released in such an amount that it can settle on wires, penetrate inside machines, apparatus, etc.

Dusty rooms are divided into rooms with conductive dust and rooms with non-conductive dust.

Premises with a chemically active or organic environment are rooms in which aggressive vapors, gases, liquids are constantly or for a long time, deposits or mold are formed that destroy the insulation and current-carrying parts of electrical equipment.

According to the risk of explosion or fire, the premises are explosive (six classes - B-I, B-Ia, c, d, B-II and B-IIa) and fire hazardous (four classes - P-I, P-II, P-IIIa, P-III).

According to electrical safety conditions, electrical installations are divided into installations up to 1000V and installations above 1000V, operating and inactive.

With regard to the danger of electric shock to people, there are:

Premises without increased danger , in which there are no conditions that create an increased or special danger.

Premises with increased danger awn, characterized by the presence in them of one of the following conditions that create an increased danger:

a) dampness or conductive dust (relative humidity exceeds 75%);

b) conductive floors (metal, earthen, reinforced concrete, brick, etc.);

c) high temperature (more than 35◦С);

d) the possibility of a person simultaneously touching the metal structures of buildings connected to the ground, technological apparatus, mechanisms, etc., on the one hand, and to the metal cases of electrical equipment, on the other.

3. Particularly dangerous premises , characterized by the presence of one of the following conditions that create a particular hazard:

a) special dampness;

b) chemically active or organic environment;

c) simultaneously two or more conditions of increased danger.

4. Territory for outdoor electrical installations. With regard to the danger of electric shock to people, these territories are equated to especially dangerous premises.

Characteristics of residential premises

and outbuildings

room	Environment	Danger of electric shock to people
heated unheated	dry, normal	No increased risk With increased risk
Canopies of heated houses		With increased risk
		With increased risk
	Wet, damp	With increased risk
		With increased risk
Cellar, cellar	Raw, especially raw	especially dangerous
Toilet, bathroom, shower	Raw, especially raw	With increased risk
Sheds, sheds	Raw, wet	especially dangerous
Greenhouses, greenhouses	Extra raw	especially dangerous

Tests on the topic "Classification of premises for electrical safety"

	Answer options	Correct answer
What is the importance of relative humidity in dry rooms?	B) does not exceed 60%; C) 15%; D) 45.5%;	B) does not exceed 60%;
What is the name of a room in which the relative humidity of the air exceeds 75%?	A) wet B) especially raw; D) dusty
What is the importance of relative humidity in a particularly damp room?	A) 60%; B) 75%; D) close to 100%.	D) close to 100%.
What are ceilings, walls, floors and other objects covered with in especially damp rooms?	B) cobwebs; B) mold D) moisture.	D) moisture
What is the name of a room with dryers in which the temperature exceeds + 35 ° C?	B) very dry B) hot D) ordinary	B) hot
What is the name of a room in which the relative humidity of the air does not exceed 60%?	B) very dry B) not very dry D) warm
What is the relative humidity of a damp room?	A) 60%; B) 45%; C) exceeds 75% for a long time; D) less than 75%/	C) exceeds 75% for a long time.
What rooms are called dusty?	A) where there is a lot of garbage; C) where there is no technological dust; D) where technological dust penetrates into machines, devices.	B) where technological dust settles on wires; D) where technological dust penetrates into machines, devices
Which rooms are rooms with conductive dust?	A) dusty B) conductive; B) especially conductive; D) non-conductive	A) dusty
What type of room is the kiln room?	A) warm B) hot; B) especially hot D) raw	B) hot
What are the names of the premises that constantly contain aggressive vapors, gases, liquids, mold, which destroy the insulation and current-carrying parts of electrical equipment?	A) moldy; B) aggressive; D) destructive;	C) with a chemically active or organic environment;
How many classes are explosive spaces divided into?	A) 2; B) 3; AT 11;
How many classes are fire hazardous rooms divided into?	A) 2; B) 4; AT 11;
What is the name of the room in which the relative humidity is close to 100%?	A) wet B) especially raw; D) dusty	B) especially raw
What is the name of the room in which the air temperature exceeds + 35 ° C?	A) warm B) hot; B) especially hot D) raw	B) hot
What is the name of the room in which vapors and moisture are emitted for a short time in small quantities, and the relative humidity of the air is more than 60%, but does not exceed 75%?	A) wet B) especially raw; D) dusty	A) wet
What is the name of the room in which there are no conditions for the danger of electric shock?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	A) without increased danger;
What type of premises does the territory for the location of outdoor electrical installations belong to?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	D) especially dangerous
What type of premises are the canopies of heated houses?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	B) high risk
What type of rooms are toilets, bathrooms, showers?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	B) high risk
What type of room is the heated room?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	A) without increased danger;
What type of room is a room with metal floors?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous
What type of premises is a room with a chemically active environment?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous;	D) especially dangerous;
What is the relative humidity in a humid room?	A) 60%; B) 75%; C) more than 60%, but not more than 75%; D) close to 100%.	C) more than 60%, but not more than 75%;
What type of premises are sheds, sheds?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous	D) especially dangerous
What type of space is the kitchen?	A) without increased danger; B) with normal danger; B) with increased danger; D) especially dangerous	B) with increased danger;
What subclasses are dusty rooms divided into;	A) with conductive dust; B) with non-conductive dust and with conductive dust; C) with non-conductive dust; D) with dangerous dust
	A) active; B) inactive; B) disabled D) connected	A) active; B) inactive;
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The basic principles of organization and requirements for the installation of electrical installations are regulated by the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) and Building Regulations (SNiP), as well as installation instructions, technical rules and instructions from manufacturers.

In accordance with the PUE, the premises are divided into dry, wet, damp, especially damp, hot, dusty, with a chemically active environment, fire hazardous, explosive.

Dry consider rooms in which the relative humidity does not exceed 60%. If in such premises it is not higher than 30%

technological dust, active chemical environment, flammable and explosive substances, they are called rooms with a normal environment.

Wet rooms are characterized by two features: relative humidity (60-75%) and vapors or condensed moisture released temporarily and in small quantities. Most electrical equipment is designed to operate at relative

humidity not exceeding 75%, therefore, in dry and damp rooms, electrical equipment is used in normal performance. Wet rooms include pumping stations, production workshops, where relative humidity is maintained within 60-75 %, heated cellars, kitchens in apartments, etc.

Raw rooms differ from damp ones in that the relative humidity in them exceeds 75% for a long time, for example, some metal coating shops, cement plants, treatment facilities, etc. If the relative humidity of the air in the premises is close to 100% (ceiling, floor, walls, objects are covered with moisture), they are classified as especially damp.

In certain industries of the metallurgical and other industries, for example, in foundries, thermal, rolling and blast furnace shops, the temperature exceeds 35 ° C for a long time. Such premises are called hot . They can be either damp or dusty at the same time.

dusty consider the premises in which, according to the conditions of production, process dust is released in such a quality that it settles on wires, penetrates into machines, apparatus, etc. There are dusty rooms with conductive and non-conductive dust. Non-conductive dust does not impair the quality of the insulation, but favors moisture due to its hygroscopicity.

In rooms with a chemically active environment or an organic environment, according to the conditions of production, they are constantly or for a long time kept

pairs or deposits are formed that destroy the insulation and current-carrying

parts of electrical equipment.

flammable name the premises in which they use or

store combustibles. According to the degree of fire hazard, they are divided into

four classes: P-I, P-II, P-IIa, P-III.

class P-I - rooms in which combustible liquids with a flash point of vapors above 45 ° C are used or stored: mineral oil warehouses, mineral oil regeneration plants, etc .;

class P - II - rooms in which combustible dust and fibers are released, passing into a suspended state. In this case, the resulting danger is limited to fire, and not explosion, either due to the physical properties of dust or fibers (degree of grinding, humidity, etc., at which the lower explosion limit is more than 65 g/m3), or due to the fact that their content in the air, according to operating conditions, does not reach explosive concentrations: woodworking shops, low-dust rooms of mills and elevators, granaries;

class P - II a - premises (production and storage), which contain solid or fibrous, combustible substances

(wood, fabrics, etc.), and the features listed in the class

premises P-II are absent. Warehouses are such

combustible materials, barns, pigsties, calves and other

livestock premises.

The remaining outdoor installations are divided into normal and fire hazardous classes P-III. In the latter, combustible liquids or solid combustible substances are processed or stored (open warehouses for mineral oils, coal, peat, wood, etc.).

Explosive are called rooms in which, according to the conditions of production technology, explosive mixtures of combustible gases or vapors with air, oxygen and other gases - oxidizing agents, combustible dust or fibers with air can form when they pass into a suspended state.

Explosive rooms and outdoor installations according to the degree of danger of using electrical equipment are divided into six

classes: B-I; B-Ia; B-Ib; V-Ig; B-II and B-IIa.

In a class B-I room, according to production conditions, short-term formation of explosive mixtures of combustible gases or vapors of combustible liquids with air or another oxidizing agent may occur under normal technological conditions.

Class B-Ia includes premises with installations where explosive mixtures of vapors and gases can form in case of accidents or equipment malfunctions.

Premises of class V-Ib are characterized only by the local formation of explosive concentrations of vapors and gases in the air in small volumes with reliable ventilation.

Premises with installations dangerous for the formation of explosive concentrations of combustible gases or vapors are classified as class B-Ig.

In rooms with class B-II installations, explosive concentrations of suspended combustible dust can be created in the air during normal operation of process equipment, and in class B-IIa installations - only in case of accidents or malfunctions.

With regard to the danger of electric shock to people, the premises are divided into:

1. premises without increased danger,

2. premises with increased danger, characterized by the presence in them of one of the following conditions:

Dampness (humidity over 75%) or conductive dust,

Conductive floors (metal, earthen, reinforced concrete, including those covered with linoleum and other brick, etc.),

High temperature - constantly or periodically (more than 1 day) + 35 ° C or more,

Possibilities of simultaneous contact of a person with metal structures of buildings connected to the ground, technological

devices, mechanisms, etc., on the one hand, and to metal cases of electrical equipment, on the other.

3. Particularly dangerous premises, characterized by the presence of one of the following conditions that create a special danger:

Special dampness (air humidity is close to 100%),

Chemically active or organic environment,

Simultaneously two or more conditions for rooms of increased danger.

Similar information.

The issues of electrical safety in production are only a part of all the activities and requirements of industrial safety. Compliance with the requirements of numerous instructions and rules, ensuring safe working conditions is entrusted to the employer by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. He is also responsible. Its measure depends on the severity of the consequences of violations or non-compliance with the requirements of industrial safety and labor protection. The head of the enterprise, especially if it is a large one, appoints employees responsible for fulfilling the requirements of OT, fire and electrical safety.

Regulations

The rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) apply to all AC and DC electrical installations under construction and reconstruction with a voltage of 750 kV and are mandatory, regardless of industry affiliation and form of ownership. The new, 7th edition is constantly updated as the materials are processed and agreed with the interested departments and approved by the ministry.

Nevertheless, experts argue that the publication does not cover the entire scope of the necessary changes, and probably in the near future the next updated edition of the PUE will be released.

Requirements for labor protection and fire safety when working with electrical installations are also changing.

Categories of premises for electrical safety, PUE

In accordance with the rules of the device - electrical installations is a set of technological electrical equipment of machines and apparatus, together with the structures in which they are installed, intended for generation or transmission, transformation and redistribution, conversion into other types of energy. Are divided into:

Outdoor (open). Located in an open area not protected from atmospheric influences.
Closed (internal). Located in buildings protecting them from atmospheric influences.

Electrical premises - various structures, buildings or fenced off parts of the premises in which electrical equipment is located with access only for qualified personnel engaged in maintenance. All these electrical safety rooms are divided into 4 categories:

Premises without increased danger.
High risk areas.
Particularly dangerous.
Territories where open electrical installations are installed, where electric shock to people is possible, are classified as especially dangerous premises.

1 category

The PUE states that these are premises in which there are no conditions for the occurrence of increased or special danger. What are these premises?

Premises without increased danger are ordinary residential or office buildings. Social enterprises, preschool institutions, schools, hospitals and so on. Basic requirements for the 1st category:

Dry - 60% and damp rooms, the humidity of the air in which should not exceed 75%.
Working supply and exhaust ventilation. There should be no conductive dust and chemical compounds in the air.
The ambient temperature does not exceed +35°C.
The floor covering must be made of materials that do not conduct electricity.

Some industries and workshops can also be included in this category, but the above conditions must be met. Labor protection requirements for employees are limited to introductory briefing, and twice a year briefing at the workplace.

Specialists with the 3rd tolerance group up to 1000 volts are allowed to service electrical installations. Responsible for the electrical equipment is appointed from the composition of the engineering and technical staff with the 4th group.

The current classification of premises for electrical safety of the PUE to the second category includes those that meet the following criteria:

Damp rooms. Humidity over 75%
Conductive dust may be present in the air.
Workshops with a high content of chemical compounds in the air.
The floors are made of materials capable of conducting electricity (metal, earth, reinforced concrete, brick, etc.).
Rooms with high temperatures.
The ability to simultaneously touch the machine or other equipment on the one hand and the metal parts (cases) of electrical equipment or open conductive parts on the other.

The list of enterprises and workshops that fall into this category is very large. Almost all enterprises, with the exception of especially dangerous ones, fall into this category.

It is mandatory to carry out occupational health and safety measures. In specialties related to work in hazardous and hazardous industries, additional training is provided with attestation and admission of workers. Evaluation of workplaces is carried out.

At enterprises, it is mandatory to conduct an electrical examination of the premises for electrical safety. Based on the conclusions of the examination, a category is assigned and a special sign (tablet) is posted at the entrance, on which the class of the room for electrical safety is registered.

Only qualified specialists who have been trained and have an access group in accordance with the requirements of labor protection when servicing electrical installations are allowed to service.

Particularly dangerous in terms of electrical safety are those in which there is at least one of the following factors:

Particularly raw. Air humidity 100%. Walls and equipment are covered with moisture falling out in the form of condensate.
Premises with an active chemical or organic environment that occurs indoors during a work shift. This environment destroys parts of electrical installations and wire insulation.
If two factors related to conditions of increased danger occur simultaneously.

This category of electrical safety premises has special requirements for the equipment and materials used. More frequent maintenance and repairs are planned. Only qualified and trained personnel work in certain conditions. Labor protection, as a rule, classifies such production as harmful.

The category of especially dangerous includes outdoor switchgear - open switchgear. Transformer substations, distribution units consisting of a huge amount of electrical equipment. Located in an open area and fenced. These are areas closed to unauthorized entry, where special industry-specific requirements for labor protection and qualifications of workers apply.

All premises certified for electrical safety must be marked with signs informing employees and representatives of regulatory authorities about the category of danger behind the doors.

Conclusion

Establishing the class of premises for electrical safety is a mandatory procedure, but in itself does not change anything. The statistics of electrical injuries and accidents suggests that this is the result not so much of poor knowledge of the PUE and labor protection requirements, but of electrical installations malfunctioning. Their inconsistencies with the PUE.

In addition to the risks of electrical injury, it should be borne in mind that electrical installations very often cause fires. The attention of the Ministry of Emergency Situations to electrical equipment and networks, always regardless of the category of premises, is increased.

SES and Rospotrebnadzor are serious about inspections of enterprises. These bodies are interested in the working conditions of workers. And they will not pass by premises with electrical installations.

The special attention of the state indicates the seriousness of the problems in this area. Expect tougher requirements and responsibilities. Emergence of new rules and regulations.

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