The arrangement of the fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, dry pipe is considered the most effective. Its key element is a dry pipe - a pipeline located along the perimeter of the room and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. What is a fire dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in what areas it is most widely used, we will consider below.

Dry pipe fire extinguishing system

Scope of application

Installations with dry pipe working systems are indispensable at facilities where the risk of fire is increased.

They are required to be installed:

• in reactor and cable rooms;
• when installing transformers;
• at timber processing and pulp mills;
• at enterprises producing household chemicals;
• when arranging monitor towers;
• in paint and varnish industries;
• in the arrangement of sports complexes and cultural institutions;
• on stairwells of buildings with the V degree of fire resistance.

An integral element is the dry pipe in the arrangement of Finnish baths.

In small rooms, when the temperature rises, combustible gases accumulate. And the ignition process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that can occur when the door is opened, you must first reduce the temperature and only then proceed to the next steps. This task is performed by a dry pipe for a sauna. The system, which is put into operation, by spraying water on the walls and ceiling, cools the sauna, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing.

A properly designed and installed dry pipe is able to effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.

Advantages of dry pipes

Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on a sharp cooling of the combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:

• Ease of installation and unpretentiousness in operation. Repair of individual components will not affect the performance of the installation.
• Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
• Affordable cost, both executive units and main components.
• High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved due to prompt response to the source of ignition.

The irrigation zone of the dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but combustion products.

Design features

The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made of pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the pipe diameter of the installation for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.

The dry pipe is installed along the perimeter of the rooms, placing it above the door and window openings.

The dry-pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.

The number of locking devices is determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The material for the manufacture of pipes of a fire-fighting installation is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.

The lower end of the fire dry pipe is connected through an external valve to a water supply system equipped with a pump or a water tank. In case of fire, a fire hose is connected through the connection head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or fire truck.

Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to carry out extinguishing in two directions: inside the burning room and protecting neighboring rooms from the spread of fire.

Types of dry pipe installations

There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing system: deluge and sprinkler.

Deluge systems

The system got its name due to the use of drenchers - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.

Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be used for extinguishing with foam or water mist.

Irrigation heads may have a reflective plane, which allows the formation of a jet of finely dispersed water. Such a constructive solution allows reducing water consumption during fire extinguishing and minimizing the destructive effect of moisture on material assets located in the room.

Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a thermal lock.

The fire alarm built into it, which reacts to temperature rise, smoke and fire detectors, starts up the dry-pipe deluge installation. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed water jets, forming water curtains using a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.

When arranging a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:

• Electric - in the event of an abnormality, the fire alarm transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
• Rope - is set in motion due to a cable stretched in the zone of possible ignition, equipped with fusible locks. In the event of a line break, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
• Hydraulic - thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. The pressure drop in the system is a signal for water supply.

sprinkler devices

The principle of operation of a sprinkler dry pipe system is similar to how deluge installations work.

The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler installations there is gas in the incentive pipeline.

The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is a little longer.

Irrigation nozzles used in the arrangement of the sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the gas in the pipe cavity from bleed.

The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water alarm valve. When ignited, the fusible lock is destroyed by the temperature, and sprinklers located in the fire area release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches a critical value, the valve opens the water supply.

Using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure a high level of reliability of fire protection.

5.7.21. Identification coloring or digital designation of pipelines must comply with GOST R 12.4.026 and:

Water-filled pipelines of sprinkler, deluge and sprinkler-drencher AUP, as well as water-filled pipelines of fire hydrants - green or the number "1";

Air pipelines of air sprinkler installation and sprinkler-drencher AUPvz-S D - blue color or number "3";

Unfilled pipelines of deluge AUP and "dry pipes" - blue color or alphanumeric code "3s";

Pipelines that supply only a foaming agent or a foaming agent solution are brown or the number "9".

5.7.22. Signal coloring in the areas of connection of pipelines with shut-off and control devices, units and equipment - red.

Note - At the request of the customer, it is allowed to change the color of pipelines in accordance with the interior of the premises.

5.7.23. All AUP pipelines must have a digital or alphanumeric designation according to the hydraulic scheme.

5.7.24. The distinctive color of the marking plates indicating the direction of movement of the fire extinguishing agent is red. Marking plates and digital or alphanumeric designation of pipelines should be applied taking into account local conditions in the most critical places of communications (at the inlet and outlet of fire pumps, at the inlet and outlet of the general piping, on branches, at junctions, at locking devices, through which water is supplied to the main, supply and supply pipelines, at the places where pipelines pass through walls, partitions, at the entrances of buildings and in other places necessary for the recognition of AUP pipelines).

VSN 25-09.67-85 Rules for the production and acceptance of work. Automatic fire extinguishing installations
(approved by the decision of the Ministry of Instrumentation of September 02, 1985 N 25-09.67-85)

3.8. Piping and fittings of installations located at enterprises that do not have special requirements for aesthetics must be painted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-76 and GOST 14202-69.

3.9. Piping and fittings of installations located at enterprises that have special requirements for aesthetics must be painted in accordance with these requirements, while the coating class must be at least VI according to the requirement of GOST 9.032-74.

3.10. Painting sprinklers, detectors, fusible locks, outlet nozzles is not allowed.

GOST R 12.4.026 Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. test methods.
(adopted and put into effect by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of September 19, 2001 N 387-st)

5.1.3. It is not allowed to use red signal color:

To designate permanently installed fire protection equipment (their elements) that do not require operational identification (fire detectors, fire pipelines, sprinklers of fire extinguishing installations, etc.);

The arrangement of the fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, dry pipe is considered the most effective. Its key element is a dry pipe - a pipeline located along the perimeter of the room and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. What is a fire dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in what areas it is most widely used, we will consider below.

Scope of application

Installations with dry pipe working systems are indispensable at facilities where the risk of fire is increased.

They are required to be installed:

• in reactor and cable rooms;
• when installing transformers;
• at timber processing and pulp mills;
• at enterprises producing household chemicals;
• when arranging monitor towers;
• in paint and varnish industries;
• in the arrangement of sports complexes and cultural institutions;
• on stairwells of buildings with the V degree of fire resistance.

An integral element is the dry pipe in the arrangement of Finnish baths.

In small rooms, when the temperature rises, combustible gases accumulate. And the ignition process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that can occur when the door is opened, you must first reduce the temperature and only then proceed to the next steps. This task is performed by a dry pipe for a sauna. The system, which is put into operation, by spraying water on the walls and ceiling, cools the sauna, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing.

A properly designed and installed dry pipe is able to effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.

Advantages of dry pipes

Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on a sharp cooling of the combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:

• Ease of installation and unpretentiousness in operation. Repair of individual components will not affect the performance of the installation.
• Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
• Affordable cost, both executive units and main components.
• High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved due to prompt response to the source of ignition.

The irrigation zone of the dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but combustion products.

Design features

The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made of pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the pipe diameter of the installation for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.

The dry pipe is installed along the perimeter of the rooms, placing it above the door and window openings.

The dry-pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.

The number of locking devices is determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The material for the manufacture of pipes of a fire-fighting installation is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.

The lower end of the fire dry pipe is connected through an external valve to a water supply system equipped with a pump or a water tank. In case of fire, a fire hose is connected through the connection head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or fire truck.

Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to carry out extinguishing in two directions: inside the burning room and protecting neighboring rooms from the spread of fire.

There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing system: deluge and sprinkler.

Deluge systems

The system got its name due to the use of drenchers - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.

Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be used for extinguishing with foam or water mist.

Irrigation heads may have a reflective plane, which allows the formation of a jet of finely dispersed water. Such a constructive solution allows reducing water consumption during fire extinguishing and minimizing the destructive effect of moisture on material assets located in the room.

Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a thermal lock.

The fire alarm built into it, which reacts to temperature rise, smoke and fire detectors, starts up the dry-pipe deluge installation. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed water jets, forming water curtains using a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.

When arranging a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:

• Electric - in the event of an abnormality, the fire alarm transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
• Rope - is set in motion due to a cable stretched in the zone of possible ignition, equipped with fusible locks. In the event of a line break, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
• Hydraulic - thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. The pressure drop in the system is a signal for water supply.

sprinkler devices

The principle of operation of a sprinkler dry pipe system is similar to how deluge installations work.

The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler installations there is gas in the incentive pipeline.

The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is a little longer.

Irrigation nozzles used in the arrangement of the sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the gas in the pipe cavity from bleed.

The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water alarm valve. When ignited, the fusible lock is destroyed by the temperature, and sprinklers located in the fire area release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches a critical value, the valve opens the water supply.

Using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure a high level of reliability of fire protection.

Content:

1. Fire requirements for baths and saunas
2. PB of a free-standing bath
3. PB saunas inside the house
4. How to protect a bath from a fire

The main fire safety requirements for saunas and baths are described in SNiP 31-05-2003, as well as SP 118.13330.2012. The essence of the measures is to ensure the safe operation of the premises and reduce the likelihood of spontaneous combustion. Fire safety requirements for saunas include the use of flame retardants, structural protection.
The rules and measures of fire safety in the bath and sauna are taken into account even at the design and construction stage of the building. Before starting work, the following must be taken into account:

• Fire safety requirements for baths make it possible to equip buildings of 1,2,3 degrees of fire resistance for these premises. In this case, the fire hazard coefficient of load-bearing structures is not higher than C0 and C1.
• Fire-fighting materials used for the bath must have a fire resistance index of EI-45, EI-60. It is allowed to use fire partitions of the 1st type, floors of the 3rd type. With the help of a fireproof insulation (basalt and other mineral wool), all heating surfaces are protected, and the chimney is also isolated.
• Fire regulations establish the need to design a separate emergency exit for steam rooms located in public buildings.
• The volume of the steam room cannot be less than 8 m³, the maximum area is 24 m³. Minimum ceiling height 1.9 m.
• To protect the bath from fire, fire-retardant impregnations and paintwork materials are used. The application of compounds to wooden structures is a mandatory requirement. You can also protect walls from fire with the help of retreats and cuts.
  A metal sheet on the wall with a distance provided for the air gap at the installation site of the stove and the chimney passage in the case of a wood-lined steam room is one of the most effective measures.
• The installation of a chimney in a bath is carried out in compliance with fire protection measures. It is mandatory to use interfloor cutting, as well as thermal insulation of the chimney when passing through the roof and floor slabs.
• The fire safety requirements of SNiP for saunas limit the use of electric heaters. The maximum power of the device cannot exceed 15 kW. It is not allowed to install an electric furnace that does not correspond to the volume of the steam room.
• A metal shield must be installed directly above the conventional and electric heater. Walls and ceilings are also protected.
• During the construction of a bathhouse, fire safety standards require the installation of notification and alarm systems that warn of a fire in the steam room and in the locker room.

Building a bath without violations is quite problematic, but it is even more difficult to ensure the safe operation of the premises in the future.

Fire safety in the Russian bath must be observed even at the construction stages. Visiting the steam room should also remain safe. To do this, you will need to follow several recommendations related to both the operation and protection measures of the building.

• According to fire safety, a wooden bath should be 10-15 m from a residential building. This distance may vary depending on the degree of fire resistance of the building. The gaps from the bathhouse to the house according to fire safety standards are described in Table No. 11, Federal Law No. 123. If both buildings are built of brick, the limit distance can be reduced to 6 meters.
  The distance between the residential building and the bathhouse allows you to reduce the likelihood of a fire spreading.
• When installing a metal stove, care should be taken to reliably protect the walls with screens. When installing equipment on a wooden floor, it is necessary to create a refractory layer. It is made from asbestos sheet upholstered with iron.
  Fire protection of the wall near the firebox also requires the creation of a heat-insulating layer. Some owners make the lining with refractory bricks, others insulate the walls from the furnace with mineral heaters, followed by the installation of a metal sheet.
• Backfilling of the attic space is mainly carried out using peat and sawdust. According to SNiP, it is necessary to install a vertical cut in the place where the chimney passes. As a rule, the manufacture of a horizontal dividing fence will be additionally required.
• The brick pipe on the roof, according to the norms in SNT, must be whitened. Mandatory whitewashing is aimed at the rapid detection of cracks and splits. Due to violations in the sealing of the chimney, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur.
• Installation of a chimney in a two-story bath is carried out with mandatory insulation of the heating surface. You will also need to finish the walls in the bath with fire-fighting materials along the entire path of the chimney. Inspection hatches for pipe cleaning should be provided. It is not allowed to connect two stoves to one pipe at the same time.
• The technology of the fire cut device is described in the PPB. The thickness is at least 12 cm. If it is planned that the degree of heating of the furnace will exceed 100 ° C, the layer is increased to 25 cm with a mandatory lining of felt fabric.
• The ceiling in the bath is made of hardly flammable materials. In most cases, wooden moisture-resistant panels impregnated in flame retardants are used.
• The fire safety of a log bath is ensured by the mandatory use of fire retardant impregnations and compounds. Re-processing of wooden structures is required at least 1 time in 2 years.
• For exterior decoration, it is recommended to use non-combustible materials. Fireproof cladding of the external walls of the bath can be made using decorative bricks, profiled sheets. If a decision is made to use natural wood, the technical regulations oblige it to be treated with fire protection.

In addition to the PPB during construction, it will be necessary to observe safety measures while in an individual bath. These include:

• Before the firebox it is necessary to check the draft. In the absence of draft, the necessary pressure can be created by burning a small amount of dry wood chips and sawdust. In no case should you start the firebox without traction.
• Baths require regular maintenance. It includes a visual inspection of the smoke exhaust system, the integrity of the stove itself, as well as cleaning the chimney.
• Extinguishing fires in saunas and baths often becomes necessary due to simple negligence or as a result of oversight. Cracks in the oven can cause embers or burning sparks to fall out.

PPB, as well as MGSN 4.-04-94, tell about safety measures during the operation of baths.

Although for a private steam room there are no rules obliging to install an alarm system, a fire extinguishing device in a bathhouse significantly increases the safety of being in it.

The construction of a commercial bath or bath complexes cannot do without the mandatory coordination of projects with representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. According to statistics, among all public buildings, fires most often occur in theaters and saunas (baths). Not surprisingly, these premises are subject to increased safety requirements.

The class of constructive fire hazard of the bath is determined by the type of materials used in construction, the fire resistance of the main building is also taken into account.

Fire safety requirements for the construction of a public sauna or bath include the following:

• Prevention of fire in wood. Wood burns both as a result of direct exposure to fire and as a result of pyrolysis. When heated to the required temperature, spontaneous combustion occurs. In public steam rooms and baths, all wooden structures must be treated with special impregnations and compounds that increase fire resistance.
• Baths in the basement should be equipped with natural and forced ventilation systems.
• When installing an electric stove or a wood-burning stove, air gaps must be observed and the distance to combustible surfaces must be precisely maintained.
• Insulation of chimneys, fire-retardant boards for wooden walls in a bathhouse must withstand fire for 45-60 minutes.
• A ban on the construction of a bath may take place in the case of designing a steam room in adjacent premises with preschool and educational institutions, in the basements of a building with a total crowd of more than 100 people.

The requirements for baths inside your home are a bit like those that apply to a public bath. The steam room must be fenced with fireproof partitions, floor slabs and walls.

Fire extinguishing system in the sauna and bath

The PB requirements regulate the installation of alarm and fire extinguishing systems in public steam rooms. Since the air is not heated in an infrared sauna, safety regulations require the use of serviceable wiring and mandatory grounding.

For electric heaters, it is recommended to use air heating sensors that react to a rapid change in temperature and, in case of danger, turn off the power supply. In addition to circuit breakers and RCDs, this measure is more than enough to prevent a fire in the event of a short circuit.

How to protect a bath from a fire

The owner, who builds a steam room on his own, will have to take into account many mandatory issues: where to place the bath on the site, what heat-insulating fireproof building materials to use, how to provide the necessary fire resistance.

The most frequently asked questions are:

• What thermal insulation provides maximum fire protection? Mineralite or basalt slab. The production process is associated with obtaining the melting of rock at a temperature of 1500 degrees. Plates and windings made of basalt fibers are able to withstand prolonged heating up to 800 degrees. As a result of these properties, fire-fighting materials for the wall near the metal sauna stove, chimney insulation are made on the basis of basalt or mineralite heaters.
  In order to install the pipe in a fireproof manner, it will also be necessary to use basalt or mineralite insulation at the place where the floor slabs and roofs pass.
• How to make a vertical cut. Fireproof overlap between floors in the bath is made as follows. A vertical cut is made at the place where the pipe passes. It is covered with expanded clay with additional insulation of the heated parts of the chimney.
• How often should fire retardant treatment be carried out? All wood surfaces must be refinished at least once every two years. You can check the condition of the protective layer by testing the sample with fire. Light a match, bring a sliver, if after the match goes out, the sliver continues to burn, then the existing fire protection is not enough.

The fire safety of sauna chimneys is ensured by a set of structural measures and the use of additional insulation of heated surfaces.

fire safety standards

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON STATE RESERVES

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATE FIRE SERVICE

SET OF RULES

FOR THE DESIGN OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR TANK FARMS OF THE STATE RESERVE OF RUSSIA

SP 21-104-98

Moscow 1998

Developed VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Submitted and prepared for approval and approval by the State Reserve Committee of Russia

Introduced from 11/13/1998

Introduced for the first time

Code of rules for designing fire protection systems for tank farms of the State Committee for Reserves of Russia - M:, 1998, 28 p.

The set of rules contains requirements for the design of fire protection systems for surface vertical steel tanks (RVS) at the facilities of the State Committee for Reserve of Russia and applies to facilities being designed and reconstructed.

These rules do not apply to:

tanks with pontoons and floating roofs;

warehouses for liquefied hydrocarbon gases;

underground storage facilities for oil products constructed by geotechnological and mining methods in rock masses impervious to these products, and ice-ground storage facilities for oil products;

warehouses of synthetic fat substitutes;

underground metal and reinforced concrete tanks.

With the release of this Code of Rules, the “Guidelines for the design and operation of an UPPS-type installation for extinguishing fires of petroleum products in ground tanks” become invalid. M. : TsNIIPO, 1968 - 35 p.

The set of rules is intended for engineering and technical workers involved in the design and operation of fire extinguishing installations in tank farms of the State Reserve Committee of Russia, and fire protection workers.

Il. 6, table 7, appendix 3.

1. General Provisions

1.1. SP 21-104-98 was developed to develop, supplement and clarify the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products warehouses. Fire safety standards" taking into account the specifics of the operation of tank farms at the facilities of the State Reserve Committee of Russia.

1.2. In accordance with SNiP 10-01-94 "The system of regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions" SPxxx98 is a departmental document for the design, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of fire extinguishing systems in tank farms at the facilities of the State Reserve Committee of Russia.

1.3. When designing fire extinguishing systems for newly constructed and reconstructed tank farms, requirements not specified in SP 21-104-98 must be adopted in accordance with other regulatory documents in force in Russia.

1.4. To protect tank farms, fire extinguishing systems should be provided with medium expansion foam supplied to the surface of a combustible liquid, and low expansion foam supplied to the oil product layer or to its surface.

1.5 Design and reconstruction of fire extinguishing systems should be carried out taking into account the requirements of this Code of Rules ... and SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products warehouses. Fire safety standards".

1.6. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m and more should be equipped with stationary foam fire extinguishing systems with non-automatic start (SSPT).

1.7. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m3 or more used to provide services to third parties must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products storage facilities. Fire safety standards".

1.8. For ground tanks with a nominal volume of less than 5000 m 3, it is allowed to provide foam fire extinguishing systems using mobile fire equipment (SPT).

2. Requirements for foam fire extinguishing systems of ground vertical steel tanks

2.1. For vertical steel tanks (RVS) with a fixed roof, stationary fire extinguishing systems (SPTS) and fire extinguishing systems from mobile equipment (SPT) should be used.

2.2. A stationary fire extinguishing system with non-automatic start-up (SSPT) consists of a pumping station, tanks for water and a foam concentrate, high-pressure foam generators for producing low-expansion foam, remote-operated valves, a check valve (when designing an under-layer system), dosing equipment, pipelines for supplying a foam concentrate solution to foam generators, foam lines for introducing foam into the tank and automation equipment.

The SSPT valve at the tank wall ("root") must be equipped with a remote drive.

It is allowed to carry out the "root" valve, in agreement with the territorial divisions of the fire department, with a manual drive. In this case, it should be open.

Schematic diagram of the SSPT is shown in fig. 1 (Appendix 1).

2.3. The STP fire extinguishing system using mobile fire equipment to supply foam to the tanks consists of a foam pipeline brought out of the embankment and equipped with connecting heads for connecting fire hoses, a check valve (when designing an underlayer system), a high-pressure foam generator, valves. Schematic diagram of the SPT is shown in fig. 2 (Annex I).

2.4. Extinguishing of tanks intended for the storage of viscous petroleum products (oils, fuel oils), with a nominal volume of 3000 m 3 or less, is provided from mobile fire equipment.

2.5. Elements of the UPPS-23 and UPPS-46 units, mounted on operated tanks with light oil products with a volume of 5000 m 3 or more, are allowed to be used in the design of SPTS with low expansion foam supply under the oil product layer.

The valve opening assembly and the valve itself must be dismantled. A schematic diagram of foam supply to a tank equipped with a stationary part of the HIPS is shown in fig. 3 (Annex 1).

2.6. The calculated fire extinguishing area in ground tanks with a fixed roof is assumed to be equal to the area of ​​the horizontal section of the tank.

2.7. The normative intensity of the supply of a foaming agent solution when extinguishing oil products with medium or low expansion foam is taken from Table. 1. and table 2.

Table 1

Normative rates of supply of medium expansion foam for extinguishing fires in tanks

Type of oil product	Normative intensity of solution supply foaming agent, l m -2 s -1
	Foretol, Universal, Sublayer	PO-ZAI, TEAS.PO-ZNP, PO-6TS6, PO-6NP
Oil products with Tdsp 28° From and below	0,05	0,08
Petroleum products with Tvsp over 28° WITH	0,05	0,05

table 2

Normative intensity of low expansion foam supply for extinguishing fires of oil products in tanks

Type of oil product	Regulatory intensity of the foam solution supply, l m -2 s -1 .
	Fluorosynthetic foam concentrates Foretol, Underlayer Universal		Fluorosynthetic foam concentrates RS-206 Hydral		Fluoroprotein foaming agents Petrofilm
	on the surface	into layer	to the surface	To layer	to the surface	into layer
1. Gasoline	0,08	0,12	0.08	0,10	0,08	0,10
2 Oil and oil products with Tvsp 28°C and below	0,08	0,10	0.08	0.10	0,08	0.10
3 Oil and oil products with Tfsp over 28°С	0,06	0,08	0,05	0,08	0,06	0,08

2.8. The estimated time for extinguishing oil products in tanks with foam using SPTS and SPTS (when foam is supplied to the product layer) is 10 minutes.

When using SPT with medium or low expansion foam supply to the surface of a flammable liquid, as well as when foam is supplied using monitors or foam lifters, the estimated extinguishing time should be taken as 15 minutes.

2.9. The estimated time for the duration of cooling of ground tanks (burning and adjacent to it) should be taken;

when extinguishing with the help of SSPT - 4 hours;

when extinguishing with the help of SPT - 6 hours.

2.10. When designing fire extinguishing systems, equipment and devices that are mass-produced by the industry or that have passed interdepartmental tests and confirmed by relevant acts should be used.

The use of imported equipment must be confirmed by certificates of conformity and fire safety.

3. Pumping fire fighting

3.1. The fire extinguishing pumping station should be designed common for the entire oil products warehouse.

The fire extinguishing pumping station includes: pumps for supplying a solution of foam concentrate and water for fire extinguishing, containers with a foam concentrate, dosing devices, starting devices for electric motors, a control panel. Pumps for water supply can be placed in other rooms.

3.2. Fire fighting pumping stations should:

provide uninterrupted power supply from two independent sources;

place in a separate building or in an independent separate room, separated from adjacent rooms by blank fireproof walls and a ceiling with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.5 hours with direct access to the outside;

equip a light panel "fire extinguishing station", which is located on the front door.

The reliability of the pumping foam extinguishing can be ensured by technological redundancy (installation of standby fire pumps with autonomous diesel drive). At the same time, it is recommended to provide a diesel power plant of the appropriate capacity to power the automation and signaling equipment.

3.4. The start-up of the pumps of the main water feeder and metering pumps for the preparation of a foaming agent solution should be carried out remotely from the control room of the guardroom of the departmental paramilitary guard (VVO) and locally switched on (from the pump building).

3.5. In order to increase the reliability of operation, pumps, as a rule, should be under the bay. In the case when the installation of pumps under the bay is impossible or involves significant difficulties, it is allowed to use vacuum pumps. In this case, automatic switching on and off of vacuum pumps should be provided.

3.6. For dry-pipe systems with electric valves on the discharge pipelines, the control panel of the pumping station should be provided with devices that ensure the automatic opening of these valves after the start of the electric motor of the main or standby pump, as well as their closing when none of the pumps is running.

3.7. Schematic diagrams of equipment for fire pump stations with the supply of a foam concentrate to the pressure and suction lines of water pumps are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 (Appendix 1).

4. Requirements for the dosage and storage of the foaming agent

4.1. When designing fire extinguishing systems using low expansion foam, domestic foam concentrates such as "Foretol", "Universal" or foreign certified foam concentrates should be used. According to the conditions of their use and storage, recommendations should be developed, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

The main characteristics of some fluorine-containing foam concentrates are given in Appendix 2.

4.2. Storage of fluorinated foam concentrates for SSPT (SPT) should be provided in a concentrated form in accordance with the current specifications for foam concentrates.

4.3. Water for preparation of the foaming agent solution should not contain impurities of oil and oil products.

To obtain a solution from domestic foaming agents, it is forbidden to use water with a hardness of more than 30 mg-eq / l.

4.4. The stock of foaming agent and water for the preparation of a foaming agent solution for SSPT should be taken from the condition of ensuring a three-fold margin for one fire (counting from the highest consumption per tank), taking into account the filling of mortar pipelines.

The facility must have a 100% reserve of foam concentrate that can be used for mobile fire fighting equipment. Separate storage of the foam concentrate reserve from the main reserve is allowed.

Estimated reserves of foaming agent and water for its preparation for SSP are presented in Table. 1-3 applications 3.

4.5. Foam tanks for mobile fire fighting equipment should generally be installed indoors. It is allowed to install these reservoirs outdoors with car entrances, provided that the temperatures in them are maintained in accordance with the technical conditions for the storage of foam concentrates.

Tanks with a foaming agent should be equipped with devices for refueling fire equipment. Refueling time for fire fighting equipment should not exceed 5 minutes.

4.6. Automatic dosing of the foaming agent into the pressure or suction lines should be carried out by dosing pumps.

4.7. The number and type of dosing devices should be selected depending on the selected switching scheme, design and their technical characteristics.

4.8. The foaming agent supply line from the tank to the pipeline should have the shortest possible length and the minimum number of bends.

The piping from the fluorinated foam concentrate tank to the shut-off valve must be stainless steel.

For the reliability of the dosing system, technological redundancy is provided (installation of a backup dosing pump).

4.9. The dosage of the foaming agent is carried out in a mixing chamber installed on the water supply line. The foaming agent must be supplied to the mixing chamber at a pressure exceeding the water pressure by at least 0.05 MPa.

4.10. When protecting tanks that require different amounts of foam concentrate solution, the pressure line of the dosing pumps is branched according to the number of different values ​​​​of the required flow rates, and a flow (calibration) washer and a valve with an electric drive in front of it are installed on each branch. After the flow washer, it is necessary to install a check valve (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Appendix 1).

4.11. Dosing of the foam concentrate supplied to the suction line is provided by means of control valves or consumable washers. The diameters of the openings of the consumable washers are calculated based on the provision of the required concentration at a given flow rate of the foam concentrate. The diameters of the openings of the consumable washers are given in Table 4 of Appendix 3.

5. Fire alarm and plant automation

5.1. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m 3 or more should be equipped with a fire alarm.

5.2. Fire alarm control and reception devices are installed in a room with round-the-clock stay of people (control room of the guard room of the VVO).

In the absence of round-the-clock control over the operation of the fire alarm, it is necessary to provide for the automatic start of the fire extinguishing system.

5.3. When choosing sensors, one should take into account the inadmissibility of their false operation when exposed to the environment: temperature, humidity, pressure, electromagnetic fields, direct and reflected sunlight, electric lighting, dust, chemical exposure.

5.4. Heat detectors must be selected and installed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84. It is allowed to use infrared radiation sensors or light sensors. Installation of sensors should be carried out based on their technical characteristics and design features of the protected object.

5.5. Remote start of the SSPT is carried out by the dispatcher on duty when a signal is received from at least 2 fire alarm sensors installed on the tank on different loops. When a fire signal is received from one or more sensors, the corresponding digital indication should light up on the control panel, indicating the location of the sensor (sensors), and an audible signal should be given.

5.6. The foam control system must be equipped with devices:

remote (from the control room of the guard room of the VVO), and local (from the pump house) switching on the pumps for supplying the foam concentrate solution;

automation of the bay of fire pumps;

automatic dosing of the amount of foaming agent;

automatic and remote opening of electric locking devices in the system for supplying the foam concentrate solution to the protected object and locking devices in the water supply system;

automatic light and sound signaling of a fire;

signaling of limit levels in the tank with a foaming agent.

5.7. Control schemes for pumps and locking devices in SSPT should provide for the possibility of automatic, remote and local control.

5.8. On the control panel of the fire extinguishing pumping station, the following should be provided:

control devices for water pumps and dosing pumps; switches for control methods of each pump to the following positions: local control from the main water feeder, disabled, remote control in the main mode, remote control in the backup mode;

turning off the pump with the local "Stop" button at any position of the switch of control methods;

devices for remote activation of standby pumps;

signal indicators of a malfunction of each of the pumps, an unacceptable decrease in the level in the tank with a foam concentrate and in a water reserve tank (selectively), an unacceptable decrease in pressure in the water supply network, the presence of voltage in the control panel, lack of voltage at the inputs of the power supply system.

5.9. The sound signaling scheme should provide for the possibility of canceling the sound signal by the person on duty and re-enabling it when another emergency occurs, as well as the possibility of checking it.

5.10. Power supply and automation networks must be carried out in accordance with the current Rules for the installation of electrical installations.

6. External networks and structures of the SSPT and SPTS. Foaming equipment.

6.1. SSPT pipelines for supplying a foaming agent solution should be provided in the form of dry pipes.

6.2. SSPT pipelines should be designed with underground or outdoor laying.

6.3. When laying underground dry pipes, SSPT should be laid to a depth of at least 0.5 m below the freezing depth of the soil.

When laying dry pipes outdoors, measures must be taken to prevent the foam solution from freezing in them.

The possibility of using a dry pipe system must be confirmed by calculations for the non-freezing of the foam concentrate solution.

6.4. In winter, at low outdoor temperatures, in order to avoid freezing of the solution in the dry pipes at the time of SSPT start-up, it is necessary to ensure their rapid heating above 0°C. This can be achieved with various technical solutions:

the use of a "heat tracing" in the head part of the water flow (foaming agent solution) when filling dry pipes;

laying with pipelines of fire extinguishing and cooling systems along the entire ring of heat exchangers with hot water or steam;

heating of dry pipes of SSPT and cooling system using electric tape heaters.

Other technical solutions are also allowed.

6.5. For faster and more complete emptying of the pipelines from the foaming agent solution and water, after operation or testing, in order to avoid defrosting of the SSPT system on dry pipes, it is necessary to install taps to be able to connect a mobile air compressor that supplies heated air.

6.6. The introduction of foam into the combustible liquid layer should be carried out, as a rule, through the lower belt of the side walls of the tank at a mark above the possible level of produced water. Foam injection points (nozzles) should be evenly spaced around the tank perimeter. The foam inlet nozzle, valve and foam lines must be supported on supports without transferring the load to the tank wall.

6.7. On operating tanks equipped with UPPS units (PS-UYUTS-46.02.00), it is allowed not to provide additional tie-ins for subsurface extinguishing systems, if at least 2 and 3- x low expansion foam bushings. In this case, on the outer side of the tank on the foam line, it is necessary to provide a mounting insert 1.5 - 2.0 meters long (Fig. 3, Appendix 1).

The number of injections of low expansion foam into tanks not equipped with HIPS units should be;

RVS - 5000 m 3 - at least 2;

RVS - 10000 m 3 - at least 3,

RVS - 20000 m 3 - at least 4;

6.8. The connection of the SSPT foam pipelines to the stationary parts of the UPPS units on the operated tanks and the installation of equipment should be carried out in strict accordance with the technological regulations when carrying out scheduled preventive maintenance of the tanks.

6.9. The choice of foam pipeline diameters should be carried out based on the condition for ensuring sufficient foam pressure at the inlet to the tank, taking into account pressure losses due to local resistance of the check valve and gate valves, changes in the flow area and direction of the foam pipeline, linear losses of the foam pipeline during foam transportation, the level of oil spill in the tank, etc. .d.

6.10. The installation height of the foam generators is determined by the ease of maintenance.

6.11. Foam generators must be protected from sand and precipitation.

6.12. In winter, it is necessary to provide for measures to prevent the ingress of bottom water into the foam pipelines of the SSP (SP).

6.13. To reduce pressure losses due to local resistances in the direction of foam movement, sharp turns, changes in the profile of pipelines, and sharp edges should be avoided. If necessary, the angle of rotation should be smooth and not less than 90°.

6.14. The pressure at foam generators should be taken as a calculation depending on the viscosity of the oil product, the length of the foam line, the level of the overflow, the pressure conversion coefficient, taking into account NPB 61-97 “Fire fighting equipment. Foam fire extinguishing installations. Low-expansion foam generators for under-layer firefighting of tanks. General technical requirements".

Determination of the estimated costs of extinguishing agents for tanks of the RVS type should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 3.

6.15. The end section of the foam line input node of the newly designed fire extinguishing system should be made in the form of a T-shaped connection with the same inner diameter (Fig. 1 Appendix 1).

6.16. When applying foam to the surface of the oil product, it is necessary to ensure the direction of foam movement in accordance with option 1 or option 2 (Fig. 6 Appendix 1).

Foam nozzles for feeding into the upper belt of the tank are shown in fig. 6 (Annex 1).

6.17. On the mortar pipelines of the SSPT in front of the foam generators, branches with valves and connecting heads should be provided for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment. In the standby mode of operation, the inputs must be closed with plugs and sealed.

6.18. In SSPT and SPTS foam pipelines located in a dike, flange connections with non-combustible gaskets should be provided.

6.19. "Root" valves of subsurface fire extinguishing systems installed at the tank and check valves must have a steel body. According to the degree of tightness, "root" valves must be of the 1st class.

6.20. In the places where the supply pipelines are connected to the general network, drain valves should be provided after the shut-off devices to check

tightness of locking devices and emptying of supply pipelines in winter.

6.21. Before the "root" valve, it is necessary to provide a drain pipe with a plug for flushing the foam generators and dry pipes with water after the SSPT is activated.

6.22. Dry pipes should be laid with a slope of at least 0.001 to the drainage device. With flat terrain, the slope can be reduced to 0.0005.

6.23. Dividing valves on the annular mortar pipeline should be installed in such a way that when any section is turned off, it remains possible to supply foam to all protected objects through one or two dry pipes (inputs to protected objects).

6.24. Welding of pipelines, their laying, fastening on supports and pressure testing are carried out according to the normative and technical documentation of design organizations.

When welding pipelines for supplying the solution to the foam generators of the GNP and foam pipelines to the tanks, it is necessary to ensure the position of the shut-off and control valves in accordance with the technical requirements of their operation (the non-return valve on the foam pipeline must be horizontal, with the cap up).

The corresponding requirements are achieved by the necessary orientation of the flanges before they are welded to the pipelines.

6.25. Water storage tanks intended for fire extinguishing and cooling of ground tanks may be reinforced concrete or metal, both underground and above ground.

Water storage tanks must be equipped with devices for water intake by mobile fire fighting equipment.

6.26. When storing water in above-ground tanks, depending on climatic conditions, it is necessary to provide measures against freezing of water.

6.27. The joint storage of water for drinking needs and water for the preparation of a foam concentrate solution is prohibited.

6.28. Tanks for water, foam concentrate should be equipped with alarm sensors:

upper level (reservoir full);

emergency level (as a result of leaks, the standard volume remains and the reservoir needs to be replenished);

lower level (tank empty, fire pump needs to be turned off).

7. Fire equipment and fire-technical equipment

7.1. When determining the number of personnel and technical equipment of departmental fire protection at the facility, one should be guided by NPB 201 - 96 "Fire protection of enterprises. General requirements". Fire fighting equipment and equipment must be kept in heated rooms.

7.2. To extinguish fires in tanks at each oil depot, it is advisable to have foam monitors that ensure the supply of the calculated consumption of foam funds due to bunding into the tank.

ANNEX 1

Principal technological schemes of fire extinguishing systems and their individual units

Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of a stationary system for under-layer fire extinguishing of flammable liquids in tanks (SSPT)

1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2, 5 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective cover; 6 - check valve; 7 - dike; 8 - foam line; 9-valve; 10 - foamy; 11 - supports; 12 - drain pipe.

Fig.12. Schematic diagram of extinguishing fires with flammable liquids in tanks in the underlayer method from mobile fire equipment.

1 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 2 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective cover; 3, 8 - valves; 4 - check valve; 5 - embankment; 6 - foam line; 7 - mounting insert; 9- froth; 10 - supports; 11 - drain pipe.

Rice. 3. Schematic diagram of foam supply to a tank equipped with HIPS

1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective casing; 5 - check valve; 6 - embankment; 7 - foam line; 8 - root valve; 9 - plug.

Rice. 4 Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with the supply of a foam concentrate (PO) to the pressure line of water pumps.

1 - pump for supplying software; 2 - pump for water supply; 3-safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosing washers for costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 7 - adjustable valves for flow rates Q1 . and Q 2 ; 8 - check valve;9 - gate valve with electric drive.

Rice. Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with a foam concentrate (PS) supply to the suction line of water pumps.

1 - pump for filed software; 2 - pump for water supply; 3 - safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosing washers for costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 7- adjustable valves at costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 8 - check valve; 9 - gate valve with electric drive.

a) fixed roof tanks

Option 1

b) tanks with a pontoon

Fig. 6. Foam nozzles for low expansion foam supply and the top belt of the tank.

APPENDIX 2

Specifications for some foam concentrates

Indicators	PO-6NP	PO-ZAI	PO-ZNP	TEAS	PO-6TS	Foretol	Universal	RS-203 RS-206	"Petrofilm"
Density at 20 0 C, kg * m -3, not less than	1,01-1,1 10 3	1,02-10 3	1,1-10 3	1,0 10 3	1.0-1.2 10 3	1.1-10 3	1,3-10 3	1,03-10 3	1,13-10 3
Kinematic viscosity at 20 0 C, mm -2 * s -1, no more									52,1
Pour point, °С, not higher than minus
Storage temperature, °С	5 - +40	5-+40	5 -+40	5-+40	5-+40	2 -+25	5-+25	15+25	15-+25
Hydrogen index, pH	7,0-10,0	8,0-10,0	7.5-10,5	7,0-9,0	7.8-10,0	5,5-7,0	6.5-9.0
Working solution concentration, % vol								3 or 6	3 or 6
Warranty period of storage, not less than, years								over 10 years	over 10 years
Biodegradability	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/w	b/w	b/w	b/m

APPENDIX 3

Estimated costs of extinguishing agents in RVS tanks

Table 1

Determination of the calculated flow rate of the foaming agent solution, the type and amount of HNP for extinguishing fires in tanks with low expansion foam

tank type	Fuel surface area, m2	Estimated consumption of PO solution, l (s m2). Type and number of GNP, pcs
		PO solution supply intensity, l (s m2)
		0,05-0,06		0,08		0,12
RVS-1000		12 1 GNP-12		12 1GNP-12	12 1GNP-12	24 2GNP-12
RVS-2000		12 1GNP-12		24 2GNP-12	24 2GNP-12	24 2GNP-12
RVS-3000		24 2GNP-12		24 2GNP-12	36 ZGNP-12	36 ZGNP-12
RVS-5000		24 2GNP-12		36 2GNP-23	36 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23
RVS-5000		24 2GNP-12		36 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23
RVS-10000		46 ZGNP-23		58 ZGNP-23	69 ZGNP-23	92 1GNP-46 2GNP-23
RVS-10000			58 ZGNP-23	92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	115 2 GNP-46 1 GNP-23
RVS-20000	1250		92 4GNP-23	104 3 GNP-23 1 GNP-46	138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	150 3 GNP-46 1 GNP-23
RVS-20000	1632		104 3 GNP-23 1GNP-46	138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	184 4 GNP-46	196 4 GNP-46 1GNP-12

Note: In the numerator of the fraction, the estimated consumption of the foaming agent solution is given, and in the denominator, the type and amount of HNP at the estimated fire extinguishing time.

table 2

Determination of the required flow rate, the stock of foaming agent and water for the preparation of the solution, depending on the estimated flow rate of the solution and the concentration of the foaming agent (3%, 6%)

Consumption	Estimated software costs ( Q on). water (Qn 2 o), stock of software (Wpo) and water stock (Wn 2 o) taking into account the estimated extinguishing time
foam generator	Foam concentrate concentration in solution, %
tori by
solution, l/s
12,0
24.0
36,0

SP 10.13130.2009

SET OF RULES

Fire protection systems

INTERNAL FIRE WATER PIPE

fire safety requirements

fire protection system. Fire line inside. fire safety requirements

OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040

Introduction date 2009-05-01

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for applying sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 No. 858

About the set of rules

1 DEVELOPED FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"

3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY EMERCOM of Russia Order No. 180 dated March 25, 2009

4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet


INTRODUCED Amendment N 1, approved and put into effect on 01.02.2011 by Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 09.12.2010 N 641

Change #1 was made by the database manufacturer

1. General Provisions

1. General Provisions

1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles,,, and Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary application and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.

If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the sets of rules or if technical solutions are used to achieve the required level of its fire safety, other than the solutions provided for by the sets of rules, special technical conditions should be developed on the basis of the provisions of the Technical Regulations, providing for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.2 This set of rules applies to the designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:

buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;

enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;

for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);

- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);

- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);

- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.4 This set of rules can be used in the development of special specifications for the design and construction of buildings.

2 Normative references

This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification

GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test Methods

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1 internal fire water supply(ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.

3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height above the fire hydrants, as well as the estimated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before the main water feeder (pumping unit) enters the operating mode .

3.3 jet compact height: The nominal height (length) of a water jet flowing from a manual fire nozzle, while maintaining its compactness.

Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.

3.4 hydropneumatic tank(hydropneumatic tank): Water feeder (hermetic vessel), partially filled with the estimated volume of water (30-70% of the tank capacity) and under pressurized compressed air, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines, as well as the estimated water flow required for the work of firefighters cranes ERW before reaching the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit).

3.5 pumping unit: A pumping unit with accessories (piping elements and a control system) mounted according to a certain scheme that ensures the operation of the pump.

3.6 omission: Distribution pipeline ERW, through which water is supplied from top to bottom.

3.7 fire hydrant(PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.8 fire cabinet: Type of fire equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.9 riser: Distribution pipeline VPV with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from the bottom up.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Pipelines and facilities*
______________

* Revised edition, Rev. N 1 .

4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with table 1, and for industrial and storage buildings - in accordance with table 2 .

Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises	Number of fire nozzles	Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l / s, per jet
1 Residential buildings:
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 inclusive.
with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25 incl.
the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m
2 Administration buildings:
height from 6 to 10 floors incl. and volume up to 25000 m inclusive.
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m
3 Stage clubs, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinematographic equipment	According to *
4 Hostels and public buildings not listed in position 2:
with the number of floors up to 10 inclusive. and volume from 5000 to 25000 m inclusive.
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m
with the number of floors of St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m inclusive.
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m
5 Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises volume, m:
from 5000 to 25000 m incl.
St. 25000 m

___________
* See section Bibliography. - Database manufacturer's note.

Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and storage buildings

The degree of fire resistance of buildings		The number of fire nozzles and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per 1 fire nozzle, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high, inclusive. and volume, thousand m
		from 0.5 to 5 incl.	St. 5 to 50 incl.	St. 50 to 200 incl.	St. 200 to 400 incl.	St. 400 to 800 incl.

Notes:

1 The sign "-" indicates the need to develop special technical conditions for the justification of water consumption.

3 The sign "*" indicates that fire nozzles are not required.


The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified in Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.


Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray

Height of the compact part of the jet

Fire barrel consumption, l/s

Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m

Fire barrel consumption, l/s

Pressure, MPa, at the fire hydrant with sleeves, m

Fire hose tip spray diameter, mm

Fire hydrant valve DN 50

Fire hydrant valve DN 65

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.2 Water consumption and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m should be taken 4 jets of 5 l / s each; with a larger volume of buildings - 8 jets of 5 l / s each.

4.1.3 In production and storage buildings, for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an air blast device is established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:

when using frame elements from unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) fire resistance degrees, as well as from solid or glued wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l / s;

when used in the enclosing structures of buildings IV (C2, C3) of the degree of fire resistance of heaters made of combustible materials - by 5 l / s for buildings up to 10 thousand m. If the volume of buildings is more than 10 thousand m - additionally by 5 l / s for each subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.

The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required to be provided.

4.1.4 In the premises of the halls with a mass stay of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in table 1.

4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.5 Internal fire water pipeline is not required to provide:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of general education schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;

c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories D and D, regardless of their volume and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m3 of categories D and D;

f) in industrial and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with domestic drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;

g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.

Note - It is allowed not to provide an internal fire water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, up to 5000 m3.

4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different heights or premises for various purposes, the need for an internal fire water supply and water flow for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - by the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required.

When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is considered for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

4.1.7 Hydrostatic pressure in the system of fire-fighting plumbing at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should not exceed 0.45 MPa.

The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.

When the design pressure in the fire water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire water supply network.

Note - If the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, between the fire damper and the connecting head, it is necessary to provide for the installation of diaphragms and pressure regulators that reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.


(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.8 The free pressure at the fire hydrants should ensure the receipt of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The smallest height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (cover), but not less than, m:

6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;

8 - in residential buildings over 50 m high;

16 - in public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.

Notes:

1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants with accessories with DN 50 should be used; l/s.

4.1.9 The location and capacity of the water pressure tanks of the building should ensure the receipt at any time of the day of a compact jet with a height of at least 4 m on the top floor or the floor located directly under the tank, and at least 6 m on the other floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l / s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one - in other cases.

When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic start-up of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.

4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of utility and fire-fighting water supply, fire risers should be looped on top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire risers with one or more water risers with the installation of shutoff valves.

It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.

On fire-fighting systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.

4.1.12 When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install twin fire hydrants on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point of the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;

in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).

Notes:

1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided for if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the branch on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 ± 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets with ventilation holes adapted for their sealing . Paired PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.

4.1.14 In the fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place portable fire extinguishers.

4.1.15 The internal networks of the fire-fighting water supply of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 branch pipes brought out to the outside with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting mobile fire equipment with a check valve installed in the building and a normal open sealed valve.

4.1.13-4.1.15 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at the entrances, on the sites of heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.

4.1.17 In the premises subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations, indoor PCs may be placed on a water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 and more.

4.1.18 In unheated closed-type premises outside the pumping station, ERW pipelines are allowed to be dry-pipe.

4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).

4.2 Pump installations

4.2.1 In the event of a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire water pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fire pumping units.

4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not lower than the first underground floor of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other premises by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45, and have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with an exit to the outside. Fire pumping units can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.2.3 The design of fire pump installations and the determination of the number of standby units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.

4.2.4 At each fire pump, a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge should be provided on the pressure line, and a valve and a pressure gauge should be installed on the suction line.

When the fire pump is operating without back pressure on the suction line, it is not necessary to install a valve on it.

4.2.5 It is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts in fire pumping installations.

4.2.6 Fire pumping units with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.

4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m high, cultural centers, conference halls, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote management.

Notes:

1. An automatic or remote start signal should be sent to fire pump units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. With sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the activation of the fire pump unit.

2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the allowable level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.

3. Simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start-up of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the bypass line of the water meter at the water supply inlet.

4.2.8 When starting fire pumping units remotely, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or next to them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps VPV, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously give a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.2.9 In case of automatic control of a fire pumping unit, the following shall be provided:

- automatic start-up and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;

- automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;

- simultaneous signaling (light and sound) about the emergency shutdown of the main fire pump in the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.

4.2.10 For pumping units supplying water for firefighting needs, it is necessary to take the following category of power supply reliability according to:

I - at a water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing of more than 2.5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations, the interruption of which is not allowed;

II - at a water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of 2.5 l / s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l / s, as well as for fire pump installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.

Notes:

1. If, according to local conditions, it is impossible to power category I fire pumping units from two independent power supplies, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided that they are connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations ( with AVR).

2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping units, it is allowed to install standby pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, they are not allowed to be placed in the basement.

4.2.11 When water is taken from the reservoir, installation of fire pumps "under the bay" should be provided. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the tank, devices for filling the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.

4.2.12 When water is taken by fire pumps from tanks, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the estimated water flow, including fire fighting.

4.2.13 Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.

If it is necessary to install a drainage pump, its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the engine room from rising above the lower mark of the fire pump electric drive.

Bibliography

	SNiP 2.08.02-89* SNiP 31-06-2009 and SNiP 31-05-2003. - Database manufacturer's note. UDC 696.1 OKS 13.220.10 OKVED 7523040 Key words: internal fire water pipeline, water consumption, fire pumping units, technical requirements __________________________________________________________________________________ Electronic text of the document prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against: official publication M.: FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2009 Revision of the document, taking into account changes and additions prepared by JSC "Kodeks"