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Gzhel and wood carving "Tatyanka"

We present you unique woodwork in which two completely different styles of arts and crafts Gzhel painting and wood carving "Tatyanka" are harmoniously intertwined. An attempt to combine these two different directions was made for the first time. The works presented here are copyrighted and are 100% exclusive.

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Products made today

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As a result of the study, we found out Where the Gzhel craft originated How old is this Russian folk craft What Masters work at the Gzhel factory What drawing elements are used in Gzhel painting What colors are painted on dishes and household items

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Gzhel is the name of a picturesque region near Moscow. Gzhel is the cradle and main center of Russian ceramics. Here its best features were formed and the highest achievements of folk art were manifested. This region was unusually rich in pottery clays. Therefore, almost the entire population of almost three dozen surrounding villages and villages has long been engaged in the manufacture of pottery, especially since there was no shortage of fuel - dense forests stretched around. It is no coincidence that in the very word "Gzhel" echoes of the verb "burn" are heard. Gzhel products have always had a pronounced folk character, they carried national features. It is symbolic that already in the 19th century the words "Gzhel" and "Russian folk ceramics" became largely synonymous. Our findings

Porcelain teapots, candlesticks, clocks,

• Porcelain teapots, candlesticks, clocks,
• Animals and birds of unprecedented beauty.
• The village in the suburbs has become famous now.
• Everyone knows its name - Gzhel.
• The inhabitants of Gzhel are proud of their heavenly beauty,
• You will not meet such beauty in the world.
• The blueness of heaven, which is so sweet to the heart,
• The master's brush easily transferred to the cup.
• Every artist has their favorite pattern.
• And each reflects a side of the darling.
• Her grass is silk, her flowers are spring
• And the magical craftsmanship is admirable.
• Drink wonderful tea from these cups with roses.
• Meet the guests on a joyful holiday cordially.

• Products of Gzhel masters

• GZHEL
• in modern

• The technical methods of work are also varied: clear strokes of dark blue petals and leaves or strokes with soft blurry edges are applied with the whole brush, richly saturated with paint, with different pressure, veins, hatching and whimsically curved stems and antennae are applied with the end of the brush. With a brush dipped in paint on one side, turning around the handle, a “stroke with shadows” is obtained. Only gold is written on a blue background.

• smear
• line
• Types of Gzhel painting
• This is a plant painting - grass, cereals, berries, twigs, leaves, bouquets and garlands of flowers.
• 2. Ornamental - checkers, nets, "droplets", "pearls", "antennae".
• 3. Plots - nature, scenes of urban life, rural landscape and life, characters from Russian fairy tales. Hand painting allows you to create many variations of the same decorative motif.

• Elements
• murals

• Gzhel masters decorated their products, drew different patterns from nets, stripes, flowers.

• KVASNIK

• KUMGAN

• Initially, back in ancient times, Gzhel was multi-colored, the dishes were painted with bright colors, and the flowers were not blue, but yellow, red and green. Only in the 20th century did it begin to be made with blue cobalt. Ceramics - baked clay products. Majolica - glazed ceramics i.e. coated with opaque glaze
• "Linen" is a porcelain form without painting. "Cover" is a blue painting on a white background.

• Porcelain products are made by casting in plaster molds. Products that have been fired are painted by the painter. Gzhel painting is considered underglaze, i.e. At first, just a burnt shard is signed, after drawing a picture, the product is dipped in glaze and sent back to the oven at -1350˚. There, the glaze becomes transparent like glass, and the cobalt changes color. Painter's tool - brushes, glass palette, spatula for mixing paints, a jar of cobalt oxide. Cobalt is a special ceramic paint, black as a soot powder and bright blue after firing.

• Physical education minute

• "A gentle flute is playing,
• And freezes in admiration
• The pearl of Russia - Gzhel,
• Where inspiration resides.
• Here everyone is a master and a creator…”

• (Tatiana Alferova)

• Presentation
• on the topic: "The Art of Gzhel"
• prepared by the teacher
• MOU "Secondary school No. 1 r.p. Dergachi"
• Pechenova Larisa Vasilievna

"Palekh Painting" - Resettlement. The Golden Cockerel. At the well. Christmas. Vasilisa is beautiful. Walking. Princess. Paleshan creativity. Troika. Wedding. Emelya. Children and grandchildren. Heroes of Russian epics. A little about the village of Palekh. Palekh painting. Three brothers. Snow Maiden. Owl. Lacquer miniatures. The Little Humpbacked Horse.

"Promysl Gzhel" - Porcelain products. Gzhel town. By the middle of the stroke, the pressure of the brush becomes weaker. Ancient town. How Gzhel craftsmen decorated their products. Where is the pattern located? Tableware. The smear consists of various shades of blue. Porous plaster. Gzhel. Elements of the so-called. Blue birds across the white sky. Gzhel masters.

"Elements of Gorodets painting" - Drawing flowers and leaves. Rhombus. Flower stripe. City location. Composition. Fantasy. Story painting. Assortment of manufactured items. Gorodets painting. Ornament types. Manufacture of children's furniture. Wreath. Painting cutting boards.

"Gorodets painting" - Sketch for painting a kitchen cutting board "Type of occupation: decorative drawing. The center is performed with pure paint, without whitewash. Gorodets painting originally originated in the city of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod province. Flower petals have the shape of semicircular arches. 4. Proverbs are posted on the board. With several strokes of the brush, the master defines the silhouette of a flower in the form of a circle.

"History of the emergence of Gzhel" - The art of folk Russian porcelain. One of the traditional Russian ceramics production centers. Porcelain painting craft. The Secret of Porcelain. Artel repeated pre-revolutionary models. Artel "Artistic ceramics". Painting execution. Traditional painting with non-ferrous metal salts. Pottery pipes.

"Zhostovo painting" - Composition solution of the tray. What characteristic features of Zhostovo painting can you single out. Let's go on our first trip. Zhostovo. Let's go on a second trip. Zhostovo trays. Story painting. Thank you. Presentation. Fedoskino. ZHOSTOVO and FEDOSKINO. Performance of collective (group) work.

Various methods and techniques can be used in the work, it is not difficult for a teacher to choose visual material: dishes, albums, illustrations, photographs, transparencies, posters, postcards, but not everyone succeeds in showing the drawing technique and brush writing techniques correctly. Today we will try to remember and master the ABC of brush painting on the example of Khokhloma, Gzhel and Zhostovo painting. We will learn to draw flowers - the most beautiful, common and complex element of the pattern.

Secrets of the masters Before we start drawing a flower, let's practice writing strokes. To make the strokes beautiful, neat in brush painting, masters use special brushes: round squirrel or kolinsky 1, 2.3 - in Khokhloma painting, 2, 3 and 6 - in Gzhel and Zhostovo. The tip of the bristle of the brush should be very thin. At the beginning of training, it is important to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to work. The brush in the hand is held by three fingers: thumb, index and middle, so that the direction of movement of the brush is carried out by the middle finger.

The alphabet of brush strokes Flat stroke (brush 6) - we draw the whole pile straight and sharply raise the brush from the middle of the pile. Let's practice in different directions from left to right, from right to left and from top to bottom, from bottom to top. Let's combine several flat strokes in the shape of an oval and we will get the first element in the painting "crown", used as the upper part of the flower. Drop smear. We put the brush vertically, press to the middle, move the brush down and go to the tip. We draw the second stroke along with the first one on the right side - we get the first simple “heart” element. A comma stroke is done in exactly the same way as a flat stroke, but rotated to the left or right. If you draw two or three strokes together, you get an element of a flower pattern - a “petal”.

We start the “zigzag” stroke from the tip of the brush, turn the brush in one direction, press it to the middle and turn it in the other direction, finish the stroke with the end of the brush. Let's try to draw the "stalk" element - two "zigzag" strokes together. A stroke “in the plane” is a two-color stroke, on the brush we pick up colored paint on one side, remove the excess and take white on the other side. We put a smear so that two colors are obtained on the sheet at once. We practice drawing strokes “flat, droplet, comma and zigzag”. Let's try to execute the leaf element. To do this, we take two colors yellow and green on the brush and draw two “commas”, so that there is one color of paint in the center of the leaf.

Secrets of Gzhel painting Smear "penumbra". We pick up the paint with a half-wet brush from the palette and make a few strokes. After drawing 2-3 strokes, the brush must be washed and the paint drawn up again, then you get a stroke that is dark on one side and lighter on the other. Borders. The ornament is wide and uses the elements of dots, strokes, arcs.

We draw flowers based on Gzhel painting Materials. We use watercolor paint cobalt, brush 1, 3, 6, white paper and a sheet of paper for exercises. Bud. We begin to draw the upper unopened part of the rose "bud" - we draw two strokes of the "comma" similar to the "cup". And two petals from the bud in the same way from top to bottom. We turn the brush down to the left and to the right, draw straight short strokes of the “droplet” - two more petals of the bud. We start with the tip of the brush and end with the base. Then we take brush 3 and on top of the bud we lay the same strokes, we get a shadow. With brush 1, we finish drawing the “mesh” element inside the bud - with strokes tilted to one and the other side and decorate with a “whisker” on top. We draw a thin stalk and leaves "droplets".

Flower. We arrange strokes “commas” horizontally to make an oval. Beneath it, there are still wide strokes of the same kind, similar to the "bowl" element. Now we draw the petals, like a bud, only three on each side. Draw a deep shadow. We draw a thin, long stem, finish with a “droplet” stroke. We decorate the flower with "antennae" and "berries". Leaves. We draw with a brush 6, 3 - strokes of "droplet". We finish the grass. Grass "fern". First, draw a long stalk rounded at the end. Stepping back from the bottom edge, draw strokes of “droplets” parallel to each other in descending order in size.

Secrets of Zhostovo painting Double stroke. A feature of a double stroke is color and shade, for example, white and red, white and blue, green and yellow. Dip the brush into the red paint, remove the excess, and then draw white on the tip and draw and draw a stroke. Stages of work. On a black background, they first draw spots of flowers and leaves, their silhouette is called “underpainting”, then “shade” - they draw the darkest colors - shadows, bright colors are applied on top - this is a “laying”. And then the “glare” - highlights, animations, flowers become like real ones. The last to apply white strokes - called "drawing" and draw stems, antennae - "binding". Final stage. They draw a border - decorate with a thin pattern, along the edge with yellow - gold.

We draw flowers based on the Zhostovo painting Materials. Gouache, brush 6, 1. palette, black paper with a diameter of 20 cm, exercise sheet. Bud. We use the "double stroke" technique. We take colored paint on the brush, remove the excess, and white on the tip. First, draw a vertical stroke "comma", the second - a "zigzag" next to it and go to the "comma". We close the bud with long leaves, with “zigzag” strokes - on the left, right, front and back (the color of the stroke is green-yellow). We outline the base of the bud with a “comma” stroke. We finish drawing a thin stalk with spikes with a brush 1. We draw leaves with a brush 3 - two “comma” strokes together. We apply "flare" and "drawing".

Flower. Draw a circle with the whole brush, twist the brush in one place. We pass to the lower petals of the flower. The first petal is vertical, similar to the "heart" element. The second from the left and right under the circle. Still others are longer and lean down. Let's move on to the top petals. We circle the circle with two strokes of “commas”, in the middle of the circle we draw a “droplet” and next to it two strokes of “commas”. We apply "flare" and "drawing". Leaves. The first large, large ones from 1 to 3. Draw the outline of the “heart” with the end of the brush. With a double stroke, we further draw the veins of the leaf - from top to bottom from the middle of the leaf we apply “commas” strokes to each other. We apply "flare" and "drawing". Additionally, we decorate with grass - "binding". Grass. On a thin long stalk, strokes “zigzags” are applied in parallel and in descending order. Complement the "drawing".

Secrets of Khokhloma Khokhloma painting is divided into three main types: “horse” or “grass”, “under the background” and “kudrin”. A feature of Khokhloma painting is a curl, from which all elements curl and use four colors: red, black, yellow, green. Brush painting training begins with the implementation of the elements of "grass" on a sheet of paper - sedges, drops, curls, antennae, bushes. A distinctive feature of the strokes is that they begin and end with the end of the brush, and the movements are always rounded. Grass pattern. “Sedges” and “antennae” are drawn with the end of the brush, “blades of grass” and “curls” - by pressing on the middle of the pile of the brush, they begin and end with the tip of the brush. "Bush" you can start drawing from the bottom up or from the top down.

We draw flowers based on Khokhloma painting Materials. Gouache, brushes 1.3 yellow paper with a diameter of 20 cm, exercise sheet. Bud. We draw, opposite each other, two strokes of “grass” to make a “heart” element, starting from the tip of the brush and ending with a jerky movement of the hand. On the left and right, we draw petals similar to the “stalk” element - a double “comma” stroke, we always start from the tip of the brush. At the bottom we put a point with the “leg” of the brush. Decorate with black drops.

Flower. We draw a vertical stroke "droplet". On the one hand, there is a double stroke “comma”, which is longer than the “droplet” and goes around it. On the other side of the "droplet" is the same element, but longer. We also draw on the left, then on the right a triple stroke and the last one on the left is the same. Let's start drawing the lower petals of the flower. To the right and left of the lower part of the flower we draw petals similar to a "crow's foot", they should be long. Then the same petals, first one in the middle, then two between them. We decorate all the petals with black "droplets". Bush. We start on one side of the bush to draw “sedges” 2-3, then “blades of grass” 1-2, a large “curl” and finish with “droplets”. Symmetrically draw the same strokes on the other side of the bush. We decorate with black "antennae".

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Presentation on the topic: Gzhel painting

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1. History of the fishery. The oldest mention of Gzhel was found in the will of Ivan Kalita dated 1328. Later, Gzhel is mentioned in the spiritual letters of other princes and in the will of Ivan the Terrible in 1572-1578. It all started with clay. Nature itself endowed this area: here is the Gzhelsko-Kudinovskoye deposit of fatty refractory clays. It is underground, and small villages and villages are spread on its surface. And how much does our handy people need - there is clay, there are hands - that's nice! Extensive mining of different types of clay has been carried out in Gzhel since the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree "to send clay to the Gzhel volost for apothecary and alchemical vessels, which clay is suitable for apothecary vessels." In 1770, the Gzhel volost was entirely attributed to the Pharmaceutical order "for alchemical dishes."

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In the 18th century, Mikhailo Lomonosov, who was looking for the secret of porcelain and appreciated the Gzhel clays, wrote such lofty words about them: “There is hardly any earth that is the purest and without admixture anywhere in the world, which chemists call virginity, except between clays used for porcelain, such is Gzhel’s with us, which I have never seen with superior whiteness.” Until the middle of the 18th century, Gzhel made the usual pottery for that time, made bricks, pottery pipes, tiles, as well as primitive children’s toys, supplying Moscow with them.

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By 1812, there were 25 factories producing dishes in Gzhel. In addition to dishes, toys in the form of birds and animals, decorative figurines on themes from Russian life were made in Gzhel. Shiny white horses, riders, birds, dolls, miniature dishes were painted with purple, yellow, blue and brown colors in a peculiar folk, Gzhel style. The paints were applied with a brush. The motifs of this painting were decorative flowers, leaves, herbs.

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After 1802, when light gray clay was found near the village of Minino, the production of semi-faience arose in Gzhel, from which kvass, kumgans and jugs were made in large quantities. Since the second half of the 20s of the XIX century, many products were painted only with blue paint. Semi-faience was distinguished by its rough structure and low strength. Around 1800, in the village of Volodino, Bronnitsky district, peasants, the Kulikov brothers, found the composition of a white faience mass. In the same place, around 1800-1804, the first porcelain factory was founded. Pavel Kulikov, its founder, learned the technique of making porcelain. Wanting to keep the secret of porcelain production, Kulikov did everything himself, having only one worker, but, according to legend, G. N. Khrapunov and E. G. Gusyatnikov secretly entered Kulikov’s workshop, copied the forge (kiln for firing products) and took possession of clay samples , after which they opened their own factories. The Kulikov factory is remarkable in that the porcelain production of Gzhel came from it.

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The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine faience and porcelain, the owners of the factories constantly improved the composition of the white mass. Since the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories have fallen into decay, and ceramic production is concentrated in the hands of the Kuznetsovs, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized.

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Only from the middle of the 20th century, the restoration of the craft, which recently celebrated its 650th anniversary, began in Gzhel. In the 1930s and 1940s, almost half of all porcelain and faience enterprises in Russia were concentrated here. In 1912, a station was opened on the Kazan railway on the Moscow-Cherusti branch, which received the name Gzhel after the locality. The urban-type settlement that grew up at the station is also called Gzhel.

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All pottery in Russia has deep historical traditions. Many crafts remain famous today. Gzhel occupies one of the first places - the largest ceramic craft in terms of production scale. Gzhel is an ancient village on the banks of the Gzhelka River, located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, 60 km from Moscow. Here and now are the richest deposits of clay. The village got its name from the word "zhgel", i.e. “burn” or “burn” - all these are words from the lexicon of ancient potters.

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2.Technology of ceramics production. Now the technological chain is built as follows: Forming (casting in plaster molds) - Drying - Manual inspection - Checking for cracks - Firing (electric furnace) - Painting shop. It is behind these "production" words that the secret of the creation of Gzhel products and the work of many people is hidden: incl. technology masters, sculptors, foundry workers, ceramic artists! Gzhel clay is distinguished by special qualities: high plasticity and refractoriness. She is fat, i.e. it has little sand. Accumulated clay undergoes a thorough primary processing: freezing, elutriation, kneading. Clay is a living material!

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3. Vocabulary: Porcelain - thin ceramic products, impervious to water, usually white, sonorous, translucent in a thin layer. Porcelain raw materials: kaolin, plastic clay, quartz and feldspar. And the proportion of the components is a secret! Porcelain is usually obtained by high-temperature firing. Faience - products of thin ceramics, dense and finely porous. It differs from porcelain in greater porosity and water absorption, therefore all faience products are covered with a thin continuous layer of glaze. Faience raw materials: 60-65% plastic materials (kaolin, clay); 30-36% quartz; 3-5% feldspar. Faience is obtained by three-stage firing: biscuit (t-1250˚), glaze (t-1100˚) and fixing pattern (t-700-900˚). Ceramics - products made from fired clay. Majolica - artistic ceramics, i.e. covered with opaque glaze. Kvasnik - a jug with a hole in the center. Kumgan - a vessel in which drinks were served on the festive table in the old days. Kumgans are bird-like jugs with a rounded body, a flat, curved spout and a handle-tail.

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4. Distinctive features of Gzhel painting. Any Gzhel painting is pleasant to look at, Gzhel motifs can be seen not only on porcelain, but also in paintings, embroidered and painted, and on clothes, on bed linen, and even in the interior, for example, painted fireplaces.

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How does it differ from other paintings? The signature color of Gzhel painting is rich blue, bright blue, cornflower blue, the color of sky and water. Just one paint - blue on a white background, and the picture comes to life, and there are overflows of blue from dark to blue, depending on the pressure of the artist's brush. The artist has only one paint cobalt, which becomes blue. It is diluted with water, the work is covered with strokes, lines.