FROM PETER THE FIRST… The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. Flag of one or another The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. The flag of this or that country showed that this ship of the country showed that this ship belongs to her, is hers, belongs to her, is her territory. In 1690 white-blue-red territory. In 1690 the white-blue-red flag has become a symbol of the Russian state, the flag has become a symbol of the Russian state, and above all - at sea. and above all, the sea. This is the flag used by Peter I. This is the flag used by Peter I.
FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF THE RUSSIAN STATE FLAG AS A SYMBOL OF THE RUSSIAN STATE The flag is constantly raised on the buildings of our country's authorities. The flag is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It flutters on the masts of Russian ships, applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and its spacecraft. It flutters on the masts of Russian ships, applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and its spacecraft. The flag indicates belonging to Russia. The flag indicates belonging to Russia. The flag is raised during official ceremonies, developed in military units. The flag is raised during official ceremonies, developed in military units. On days of national mourning, the flag is flown at half mast or a black ribbon is attached. On days of national mourning, the flag is flown at half mast or a black ribbon is attached.
Plan.
I. Modern, official, state flags of Russia.
A) the state flag of Russia
B) the standard of the President of the Russian Federation
B) the banner of victory
II. History of the state flags of Russia
B) standard
III. History of the Russian flag
A) the birth of the Russian flag
B) St. Andrew's flag
C) state flags of the Russian Empire
D) flags of the Soviet era
D) the banner of Victory
IV. The modern state flag of Russia
A) the revival of the tricolor of Peter I
B) laws and decrees on the state flag, the banner of Victory
C) the meaning of the flag as a symbol of the state
Equipment:
computer presentation
Decrees and laws on the state flag of Russia, decree on the banner of Victory
Illustrations
Target:
Contribute to the formation, formation of spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the individual.
Tasks:
To instill a sense of patriotism and civic responsibility, a respectful attitude towards the symbols of the statehood of Russia. To provide students with more complete information about the history of the appearance of the state flag of Russia, about the history of standards and banners in Russia. Increase the motivation of educational activities through the use of non-traditional forms of presentation of material, ICT tools, elements of gaming activities. Find, systematize and analyze information. Learn to analyze historical sources and draw conclusions. To teach to convey information to listeners, to defend one's point of view with reason. Develop students' creativity.
Move.
Teacher:
Today we are holding a press conference on the topic "The flag of Russia is a symbol of state power."
Our guest:
Researcher at the Institute of Statistics and Public Opinion.
Candidates of historical sciences, dealing with issues of flag science and sign science.
Doctor of Historical Sciences, specialist in vexillology, deals with the Soviet period in the history of our state.
Political scientist.
Our conference is attended by high school students and university students. During the conference, you can ask participants questions, take part in discussions, and answer questions.
So, we start our conference and give the floor to a statistician
Teacher:
Summing up the results of the questionnaire about symbols.
Each state has its own distinctive signs - state symbols, which include the coat of arms, flag, anthem. To know and understand their meaning is the duty of every citizen. We were destined to be born in Russia, and we must respect its symbols and history, we must be proud of our people. It is difficult to teach, it must be understood and felt. And I would really like you to understand that the flag, coat of arms, and anthem are symbols of the historical continuity of the main values of the state.
The famous Russian thinker V. Belinsky wrote: “The ancient emblem or color of the nation, like the coat of arms of an ancient family, must always and invariably be kept intact. Otherwise, the emblem itself loses its symbolic and historical meaning, does not gain popularity among the people and becomes nothing more than an official, government stamp. I would very much like this not to happen to our flag. And it depends a lot on you.
Questionnaire questions:
Question
Answers:
1. Name the symbols of state power in Russia.
2. Name the colors of the national flag of Russia and the order in which they are placed on the flag.
3. What do the colors of the national flag of Russia symbolize?
4. What is the first line of the national anthem of Russia.
The flag is the state symbol of Russia
Goals:
- To instill in children a respectful attitude towards the state symbols of Russia, the Constitution, the basic law of the country.
- Expand students' understanding of their home country.
- To acquaint children with the new concepts of “standard”, “banner”, “vexillology”.
- To develop the cognitive activity of students.
Event progress.
(Slide 1) State symbols have their own history. In their development, they have come a long way, they had a deep meaning, their creators were driven by wonderful and kind ideas.
(Slide 2) At the sound of the anthem, the heart begins to beat excitedly. Sports fans resolutely paint their faces in "state" colors. Competition winners often shed tears when the flag of their home country flies up.
(Slide 3 ) All these manifestations of pride and love for their homeland are expressed through respect for its symbols. Without their veneration, without knowledge of their history, without understanding, the meaning inherent in them, the social and personal development of a young citizen of Russia is impossible.
Today we will talk about one of the symbols of Russia - the flag.
(Slide 4) In the era of the Great geographical discoveries, sailors and travelers set the flags of their states on new lands. Thus denoting the possessions of their countries.
(Slide 5) When the Norwegian explorer R. Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole in 1911, he planted the flag of Norway there as a symbol that the honor of discovering the South Pole belongs to the Norwegians.
(Slide 6) When in 1969, for the first time in the history of mankind, American astronauts set foot on the surface of the Moon, the Americans hoisted the US flag there.
(Slide 7) The word "flag" is of Dutch origin and means "ship's flag". Indeed, there is much in common between the flag and the banner: both are a cloth with various emblems and inscriptions attached to a pole or cord.
There are different flags. The world of flags is large and diverse.
(Slide 8) The word "banner" comes from the word "sign, sign, sign." The banner is a sign of the one to whom it belongs, his symbol.
In medieval Russia, military units and military regalia were also called banners. Russian banners owe their origin to military affairs.
The banner is a symbol of unification. The troops lined up around the battle flags. The banner meant the headquarters (tent) of the commander and the center of the battle order. The number of banners determined the number of troops.
(Slide 9) Raising the banner meant readiness for battle, lowering it meant admitting defeat. Therefore, in the battle, the soldiers sought to break through to the enemy banner in order to cut it down and capture it. The loss of the banner laid down a heavy shame on the entire military unit. The capture of the enemy banner in battle was considered a special distinction.
(Slide 10 ) Not only military units can have banners, there are also banners of organizations. There are differences between the banners and the flag. Flags are usually made from lighter material. They have simpler images. Banners can have different emblems and inscriptions, often complex compositions. Unlike flags, banners are not flown for a long time. They are stored rolled up and used in certain cases.
(Slide 11) Banners are carried by certain people - standard-bearers. They guard the banner in battle. The banner is considered a symbol of a military unit or organization (we have a cadet school).
The banner consists of several parts, the main thing is the cloth. Usually the panels are rectangular, but they can have other shapes. The cloth is attached to the shaft, which is crowned with a pommel. The tops are made in the form of some kind of emblem. Ribbons, cords with tassels can also be attached to it. Emblems and inscriptions, as a rule, are drawn or hung on the banner and placed on both sides of it. In this case, the front side is considered to be turned to the right of the shaft in relation to the viewer.
(Slide 12) Standards are a variety of banners. Once upon a time, regimental banners in the cavalry were called standards, today the standard is the flag of the head of state, its leaders, accompanying them during the solemn ceremony. The standard has a smaller size than ordinary banners and flags. As a rule, the flag is square in shape.
Banners also belong to banners. The banner is a church banner. In fact, this is an icon depicted on the canvas. On the banners are usually placed the image of Christ, the Virgin, saints, the cross, as well as the texts of the Holy Scriptures and prayers. Banners are taken out during religious processions and other church rituals. In the old days, battle banners were also called banners.
There is a historical science "vexillology" (from the Roman "vexillum" - banner), which studies the banners.
Each country, as everyone knows, has its own flag.
The constitution, adopted in 1993, determined that the description and procedure for the official use of the state flag is established by federal constitutional law. This law was adopted by the State Duma on December 8, 2000, signed by President V.V. Putin on December 25, and officially published on December 27, 2000. Its description is as follows: The State Flag of the Russian Federation is a panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top is white, the middle is blue and the bottom is red. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3.
(Slide 13) The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It is hung out on public holidays and solemn ceremonies.
It is raised on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad.
(Slide 14) As a stern flag, it flies on the masts of Russian ships.
(Slide 15 ) Three-color images of the flag are applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and to its spacecraft. The flag indicates belonging to Russia, designates its territory, confirms the state functions of those bodies over whose buildings it flies.
(Slide 16) The national flag is also raised during official ceremonies and celebrations. Every day it rises at the place of permanent residence of Russian military units.
(Slide 17) On days of national mourning, the flag is lowered or a black ribbon is attached to the top of the flagpole. This testifies to the sorrow of the entire state, of the entire people.
The flag is our sacred object, and we must treat it with respect and reverence.
The Russian flag owes its birth to the Russian fleet. In 1667-1669, the first flotilla of Russia was built in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka. We had to choose a flag for the ship. The captain of the ship "Eagle" D. Butler asked the government what flags his flotilla should raise: "It happens on ships, which state has a ship, that state also has a banner"
Indeed, the flag of a particular country showed that this ship belongs to her, is her territory. By that time, the leading maritime powers already had their own flags. It is from maritime flags that many state flags originate. In April 1668, Russian ships were ordered to issue a large amount of matter in white, blue and red, but we do not know exactly how these colors were located on the first Russian flags. Some researchers believe that the flag consisted of four parts.
(Slide 19) The Russian tricolor probably originated from the Dutch model(Slide 30) . It is likely that Alexei Mikhailovich, and then Peter I, took as a basis the combination of the colors of the Dutch flag (orange, white and blue)
The arrangement of the stripes on the Russian flag was different and reflected Russian traditions. The red color, the color of blood, as it were, denoted the earthly world, blue - the celestial sphere, white - the divine light. All three colors have long been revered in Russia.
(Slide 20) Red was considered a symbol of courage and courage, as well as a synonym for beauty. The blue color was the symbol of the Mother of God. White color personified peace, purity, nobility.
(Slide 21) In 1705, the "Book of Flags" by the Dutchman K. Alyard was published in Amsterdam. By order of Peter I, this book was translated into Russian. It shows and describes the flags and pennants of many countries. Interestingly, this edition includes a description of the flags of "His Royal Majesty of Moscow." The first flag, as Alard writes, “is divided into three, the upper stripe is white, the middle one is blue, and the bottom one is red. A double-headed eagle is crowned on a blue stripe of gold with royal karuna, having a red brand in its heart with a silver Saint George without a Serpent. The second banner also has stripes - white, blue, red, and these stripes are "cut" by the blue St. Andrew's cross. Apostle Andrew was considered the patron saint of Russia and navigation.
(Slide 22) St. Andrew's flag appeared in the era of Peter I around 1707. This flag is a blue oblique cross on a white field. St. Andrew's flag became the flag of the navy of the Russian Empire. Thus, the navy sailed under the St. Andrew's flag, while the civil and merchant fleet flew under the white-blue-red one.
So, guys, today you got acquainted with the symbols of the state power of Russia, with a part of Russian history.
That is why the attitude to the emblem, flag and anthem is also the attitude to the state itself. And it should be respectful not only to their Fatherland. Insulting state symbols is akin to insulting both the state and its people, its history and culture.
On December 1 (11), 1699, Tsar Peter I Alekseevich established the Andreevsky flag as the official flag of the Russian Naval. The main ship banner of the Russian Navy is a white, rectangular panel, crossed diagonally from corner to corner with two blue stripes that form an oblique cross. The tsar explained his choice by the fact that it was from the Apostle Andrew the First-Called that Russia first received holy baptism, and he became its heavenly patron, and thus Peter wanted to perpetuate the name of the saint.
The symbolism of the St. Andrew's flag has deep roots. One of the disciples of Jesus Christ was Andrew - the brother of the Apostle Peter (Cephas, former Simon), the patron saint of Tsar Peter I. According to the Gospel, both brothers fished on the Lake of Galilee, that is, they were directly related to the sea. Andrew was the first to be called by Jesus Christ as a disciple and therefore was called the First-Called. According to some sources, Andrei was sent for missionary work to Scythia (Northern Black Sea). A number of Russian sources report on the journey of the apostle from the Crimea to Rome via Ladoga. It is said that Andrew made a stop on the hills near the Dnieper, where Kiev would be founded, and informed his disciples that the grace of God would shine here and a great city would be founded. He climbed the hills, blessed them and erected a cross. Then he visited the northern lands of Russia, marveling at the custom of the Slavs, who, while washing in the baths, beat themselves with “young rods”, douse themselves with kvass and ice water. Some sources report on the further journey of the Apostle Andrew to the north, where he put a cross near the present village of Gruzino on the banks of the Volkhov, to Lake Ladoga and a visit to the island of Valaam. At the same time, it should be noted that many authors, including Orthodox church historians, question the existence of this journey.
One thing is certain, the Apostle Andrew became famous as a tireless traveler and preacher of Christianity. The missionary's activity was closely connected with the sea. The Golden Legend (a collection of Christian legends and the lives of saints written in the 13th century) reports the salvation and even the resurrection of 40 travelers who were heading to the apostle by sea, but were killed by a storm (in another version, the sea is calmed by prayer). This can explain the veneration of Andrew the First-Called as the patron saint of sailors. His life was completed by martyrdom - crucifixion on an oblique cross (which received the name of the apostle).
The veneration of the Apostle Andrew in the Russian state and the special attitude of Tsar Peter Alekseevich towards him was also expressed in the fact that in 1698 the first Russian order was established - the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called. The main part of the order was the image of the Apostle Andrew, crucified on an oblique cross. St. Andrew's Order on a blue ribbon until 1917 remained the main and most revered award in the Russian Empire (since 1998, the highest award of the Russian Federation). It should also be noted that the symbolism of the St. Andrew's flag came from Peter's father, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who established a special flag for the Eagle ship built under him - a white-blue-red flag with a double-headed scarlet eagle.
Having become king, Pyotr Alekseevich paid great attention to the development of drawings for the flag of the Russian fleet. So, in 1692, two sketches were created. One - with three horizontal stripes and the signature: "white", "blue", and "red". The second drawing - the same colors are indicated with the St. Andrew's Cross "superimposed" on them. In 1693 and 1695, the flag of the second project was listed in a number of European atlases as the "flag of Muscovy". I must say that in search of the final version of the naval flag of Russia, the tsar went through about 30 projects over two decades. In August 1693, Tsar Peter raised St. Peter" a flag of three horizontal stripes (white, blue and red) with a golden eagle in the center. From this moment on, one can trace the development of the naval flag of the Russian state. Unfortunately, there is no information about the banners under which the boats of Russian soldiers sailed in the first millennium of our era, the ships of Novgorod merchants and ushkuiniki sailed. Although it can be assumed that the Russian battle banners were red from the earliest antiquity.
In 1696, during the second siege of the Turkish fortress of Azov, Russian ships carried a flag with a blue straight cross and quarters of white and red at the stern. However, the very next year, Tsar Peter established a new navy flag of three horizontal stripes - white, blue and red, actually returning to the 1693 version. Under this flag, in 1699, the ship "Fortress" went to Constantinople with the first official diplomatic mission of the Russian navy. At the same time, the Russian sovereign, who had just returned from a trip to Western Europe, continued to search for a drawing of the naval flag of Russia. In the autumn of 1699, for the first time, the “St. Andrew's” oblique blue cross appeared on a white-blue-red cloth - a sign of the patron saint of Russia, the Apostle Andrew the First-Called. He was also placed by the king in the white head of the tricolor pennant known since 1697, which existed under the name "ordinary" until 1870.
In 1700, Tsar Peter examines the engravings and drawings of the 58-gun ship "Goto Predestination" ("God's foresight"). In the engravings by Adrian Schonebeck and in the watercolors by Bergman, the warship is depicted with six different flags! One of the views depicts a flag, in the cloth of which nine horizontal stripes of white, blue and red colors are successively located; on the other - a white-blue-red flag with three horizontal stripes (1697 version); on the third - a flag of seven stripes, on the wide white central stripe of which is placed a black St. Andrew's cross, above this stripe are narrow white, blue and red, and below it are narrow blue, white and red stripes. However, the tsar believes that the flag of 1697 is outdated, and the nine-stripe cloth is hard to read and, moreover, is very similar to the Dutch flag of the rear admiral. The king is satisfied with the flags on the drawings: white, blue and red with St. Andrew's blue cross in the upper quarter of the flag near the hoist. This system was similar to that adopted in the British Navy. At the same time, flags of the galley fleet were established, which differed from ship flags in the presence of braids (the ends of the flag are in the form of right-angled triangles). In addition, white, blue and red pennants began to be raised on the masts of ships, in the white head of which was placed a blue St. Andrew's cross. The blue and red flags and pennants, which were sometimes abolished and re-introduced into circulation, generally lasted until 1865. The white flag received a new design already in 1710 - the blue St. Andrew's cross was moved to the center of the panel and seemed to hang in it, without touching the ends of the flag. The St. Andrew's flag adopted its familiar image in 1712: a white flag with a blue St. Andrew's cross. In this form, this flag existed in the Russian Navy until November 1917.
Since 1720, the guis began to be raised on the bowsprit of the ships of the Russian fleet - a special flag that was previously used as the flag of sea fortresses and was called the "keyser flag". The red cloth was crossed not only by an oblique blue cross, but by a straight white cross. It is believed that he appeared in 1701. Until 1720, Russian ships carried a smaller copy of the stern ensign as a guis. The word "guis" has an interesting one: it comes from the Dutch "gyoz", that is, a beggar. So in the 16th century, the inhabitants of the Netherlands who rebelled against Spanish rule were called. The largest group of gueuzes fought at sea ("sea gueuzes") and for the first time began to use this flag.
Guys, the flag of sea fortresses.
The supremacy of the white flag, with a blue St. Andrew's cross, was finally enshrined in the Charter of 1797: "If the ships are not ranked anywhere, they fly white flags." At the same time, the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet from its foundation until 1918 sailed only under the white flags of St. Andrew. Colored - blue and red flags, were abolished during the reigns of Anna Ioannovna and Catherine the Great. In the roofs (the upper quarter of the flag at the pole) of the blue and red flags from 1797 to 1801 (during the reign of Pavel Petrovich), not the St. Andrew's flag was placed, but a guis, which for Emperor Paul I, who from childhood held the rank of Admiral General, had special meaning as a personal sign. It should be noted that it was the sovereign Pavel Petrovich who turned the old flags and banners from items of clothing allowance into military relics. In addition, during the reign of Emperor Paul, some Russian ships for some time raised a red flag with a white cross of Joannites. This flag was created as a stern sign of the Maltese squadrons created by the newly-made head of the Order of Malta. On December 16, 1798, Paul I was elected Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and planned to create a fleet based in Malta to ensure the interests of the Russian Empire in the Mediterranean and in southern Europe. The flag was abolished after the death of Pavel Petrovich.
In the 19th century, several more new fodder flags will appear in the Russian Empire. So, back in 1797, the ships of the Naval Cadet Corps received a special stern flag, where the coat of arms of the educational institution was placed in the center of the St. Andrew's flag in a red oval. And on the main mast, the ships of this educational institution began to raise "ordinary" pennants with tricolor braids. Since 1827, ships of training marine crews have been given the right to raise a special flag, where there was an image of a cannon and an anchor (they were also placed in a red oval). Received their stern flags and hydrographic vessels of the Russian imperial fleet. In 1828, a flag "for sailing" was established, on the St. Andrew's flag in the center there was a drawing of a black compass coil with a gold anchor pointing north. True, already in 1837 this flag was replaced by the flag of the hydrograph general established in 1829. It had the same black compass coil, but with a small blue cover. In addition, in the years 1815-1833. there was also a stern flag for the ships of the Vistula military flotilla (Flag of the military courts of the Kingdom of Poland). It was the St. Andrew's flag with a small red roof, in which a white Polish eagle was placed. This flag was abolished after the defeat of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831.
Flag of the Hydrograph General of the General Staff. The flag of ships intended for navigation.
Until 1797, auxiliary ships of the navy of the Russian Empire carried a tricolor flag at the stern, and a guis on the bowsprit. From 1794 to 1804 auxiliary vessels were distinguished by a military pennant. And since May 1804, they received a special flag with a white or blue panel, with a roof of national colors (white-blue-red) and crossed anchors under it. In addition, the armed transport carried a military pennant at the same time. All these flags were abolished in 1865.
St. George pennant - a tricolor pennant with the St. Andrew's flag in the head, on the center of the cross of which is superimposed a red shield with the image of the patron saint of the military, St. George the Victorious, was established in 1819. He began to distinguish the guards crew, which earned this honor in the battle of the city of Kulm in 1813. Other differences that distinguished senior officials were the St. George admiral's flag (it had the cloth of the St. Andrew's flag, but with the red shield of St. George the Victorious), St. George's braid pennant and the rear admiral's boat flag. In addition, during the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. in battles with the Turks, the 74-gun battleship Azov (the hero of the Battle of Navarino) and the 18-gun brig Mercury (defeated two Turkish battleships) especially distinguished themselves, they were marked with Admiral St. George flags, which were raised as stern. In the entire subsequent history of the Russian Empire, no other warship of the Russian fleet has received such an award.
With the development of the country, there were changes in the flags of the navy. In 1865, blue and red flags and pennants were canceled due to uselessness. Also canceled and all, except for Andreevsky, stern flags. In 1870, the boat flags became admirals' flags, the "ordinary" pennant was eliminated, under which ships sailed that were not assigned to any part. St. George's pennant received instead of tricolor, white braids. In the same year, the blue flag, which had the image of the St. Andrew's flag in the roof, became the stern flag of the auxiliary ships of the Russian Navy. In addition, as the armed forces develop, flags of ships of sea fortresses, new flags of officials, ships of individual units, ships of a separate Border Guard Corps, and flags of the sea appear.
The 1917 revolution brought new symbols. Next to the Andreev flags, red flags began to be raised. Since the spring of 1918, the hoisting of the Andreevsky flag on the ships of Soviet Russia was stopped. At the end of 1924, the Andreev flags were also lowered on the ships of the White fleet in Bizerte (the ships were laid down by the French, they would soon “put them on pins and needles”). The guis and the fortress flag, with some changes - in the central part of the cloth in a white circle depicted a red star with a hammer and sickle in the middle, existed until 1932. In addition, during the Second World War, the symbols of the St. Andrew's flag were used by the collaborationist units of General Vlasov.
On January 17, 1992, the Russian government adopted a resolution that returned the status of the Russian Naval Flag to the St. Andrew's flag. As a result, the pre-revolutionary St. Andrew's flag and guis were restored to the Russian Navy and are still in operation.