House building is a responsible task that must be entrusted to professionals. But it is useful for the future owner to know what are the main stages of building a private house and the sequence of actions. This is necessary for an adequate assessment of the final estimate and deadlines, for monitoring the progress of work.

The construction stages are identical for houses made of logs, profiled and glued beams.

We propose to consider the stages of building a log house using the example of our house project and its implementation.

1. Design

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Despite the fact that today the design of wooden houses most often comes down to choosing a refined and balanced option from the contractor's catalog, any project needs to be adapted. It is necessary to determine the layout and purpose of the premises and, if necessary, make changes to the floor plan.

An important stage of adaptation is the choice of foundation. In order to determine its type and make accurate calculations, it is advisable to conduct a preliminary geodetic monitoring of the site, since some foundation parameters depend on the depth of groundwater, soil type, and the presence of quicksand.

In this example, the most suitable foundation, due to the large difference in the area, was chosen - a pile screw foundation. On the front part, the length of the piles is more than 9 meters. Pile 133 mm., pile wall thickness 6 mm;

2. Site preparation for development

After drawing up and approval of the adapted project, a house kit is made from rounded logs. While its manufacture is in progress, it is necessary to prepare the construction site. Our experts will carry out geodetic binding and marking of axes, will deliver the necessary materials, tools and equipment to the construction site.

If autonomous communications are planned at the facility (well, septic tank, gas tank), we recommend planning them in advance or at least approving their location. Otherwise, situations are not ruled out when the equipment is subsequently mounted for technical reasons in a completely different place, and the inputs to the house are already arranged in accordance with the original plans.

It is important to organize conditions for builders (change houses, hygiene, food), take care of fire safety, equip a place for shipping materials and storing garbage.

3. Foundation and communications

Installation of modern pile foundations is carried out quickly, with the involvement of special equipment. According to the technology, sand-concrete mixture is poured into the installed piles and the heads are welded. Next comes the welding. The upper points of the pipes are aligned, additional stiffeners are welded to them, they are closed with plugs and cuts are made.

On the finished metal frame, a 200x200 mm beam is arranged along the top of the pile head, which is needed for uniform distribution of the bearing load and additional reliability of the geometry. At the end of the stage, in the places provided for by the project, communication pipes are laid and brought to the level of the future floor of the first floor.

4. Domokomplekt

The finished factory kit is brought to the construction site sequentially folded and numbered. According to the prefabricated drawings, referring to the markings, the house kit made of rounded logs is mounted on the foundation. At the floor level of all floors and the attic, logs are laid - the bearing horizontal support of the floors and the roof.

5. Rafters and roofing

When the entire set of logs is installed, the roof frame is equipped along the upper lags - a truss system from a 50x200 mm board, on sliding supports in 0.58 mm increments. and the possibility of insulation in 200 mm. Finishing roofing material is placed on the rafters. You can immediately mount the finish roof, as is done in our example.

6. Wood processing and shrinkage

An important stage in the construction of a country house is the shrinkage of the house set. The rounded log shrinks 6-9% In order for this process to occur correctly and evenly, it is necessary to carry out not complicated, but very important measures to protect the wood and the ends of the assembled house.

In all openings (doors, windows, arches), one or two logs not taken out are left - dressing. Vertical bearing supports are equipped with compensators - adjustable supports, usually metal. They are placed in the gaps in the upper, supporting part of the pillars.

Shrinkage is a long process. So that the wood does not darken and damp under natural climatic conditions, all logs and beams must be carefully processed.

All ends of the house must be covered with protective compounds from cracking and the outer walls of the house must be covered with antiseptic coatings. When contacting our company, we will recommend, explain and show how different protective compounds differ from each other and which ones should be used correctly.

As a rule, such processing is combined with fire protection.

7. Closing the circuit

After completing the main, most significant shrinkage, you can begin to close the outer contour. This stage of building a log house consists of the following sub-stages:

• lining and insulation of the foundation, the device in it of products (ventilation openings);
• arrangement and insulation of the blind area around the foundation;
• log house insulation (caulking, insulation of intervent spaces);
• arrangement of window and door openings, installation of windows and entrance doors;
• roof filing from the outside, roof insulation, floor insulation, attic ventilation, engineering wiring

8. Floor, ceiling and partitions after 6 months of shrinkage

In the closed circuit of the house, it is already possible to start filing ceilings, laying the floor (at least a rough one). If the project provides for additional partitions, the frames for them are usually erected immediately on the subfloor.

When the internal volumes are obtained and all rooms are delimited, the location and dimensions of the interior and floor openings are specified. At the same time, ventilation shafts are erected, stoves and fireplaces, chimneys are arranged.

If initially the house was covered with a temporary roof for shrinkage, after this stage of building a private house, you can proceed to the final roof and equip the roof with snow retainers and a drainage system.

9. Wiring communications

Before proceeding with the interior decoration, all the necessary communications are installed around the house: they arrange boiler rooms and boiler rooms, draw electricity, provide heating, water supply, and sewerage.

At the stage of finishing, only the final user equipment is left, which can deteriorate during repair work - lamps, switches, sockets, radiators.

10. Joinery and finishing

At the initial stage of finishing work, immediately after finishing floors, doors, stairs, window sills and slopes are installed, free doorways and arches are cashed. If it is necessary according to the project, the carpentry and log walls are tinted.

The same, if necessary, is done outside. Facade finishing (painting of logs, platbands, decorative elements, fencing of verandas and balconies) can be done in parallel with the interior, before or after it. Further finishing depends only on the budget, the imagination of the owners, the availability of an interior design project.

A common practice at the finishing stage is the creation of small forms from log trimmings (for example, from removed dressings) for a garden, veranda or even an interior.

The Ruklad company wishes all future homeowners to safely wait for this pleasant final stage of the construction of a country house !

11. Video of the construction of the house "Flagship"

Nine stages of building a wooden house

I propose to start by dividing everything that is connected with the process of building a wooden house into separate components - the fact is that all construction processes can be divided into nine stages.

Further, in this section, we will try to describe the components and features of each stage that are important in our opinion, focusing the attention of the future homeowner on interesting nuances and, of course, give our recommendations.

Choosing a site for a house

I am sure that every future homeowner will have to make a choice of a land plot according to many criteria. These criteria can differ significantly, but let's try to systematize the most important ones. In addition to, of course, the perspective that opens from the land, the slope, the absence of noise and silence, the presence of trees or shrubs - when choosing a site for construction, you should carefully study the type of soil of the site and access roads. The road and place for storage during construction will be a significant component in the organization of work. Good access roads can simplify the delivery and unloading of the house kit and building materials. They will not spoil your mood during trips to the site during the rainy months. In addition, good roads will bring significant time and budget savings in construction work.

The type of soil on the site can also significantly reduce your costs for the foundation and drainage from the house. Ideally - if the soil on the site is sandy - in this case, you can use an inexpensive strip shallowly buried foundation. In other cases, the design must be selected. It will be necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil and the level of groundwater on the site. In addition, the type of soil and groundwater affect the plantings on the site. For example, with a low location of groundwater, it will be easier to form a garden of fruit trees and stone fruits. Our recommendation is to locate the house in a higher part of the site, and choose a site that is not too low in relation to the neighboring ones.

Choosing a project for a future wooden house

With a huge variety of projects that are offered today on sites, it is important to understand - not all projects can be built. Our first recommendation - if you have chosen a project - you should see this house in its built form. Having the opportunity to measure the project for yourself is quite important when determining the design solution for your home. But, of course, not all cottages can look as interesting as they looked on the site or on paper. Why is that? Because so many projects of wooden houses were developed in the 90s - in those days, the culture and technological solutions for building houses (more than the well-known summer cottage size of 6 × 6 meters) were formed. Not all projects were thought out From and To. In many, there was no sense in the planning decision and the nodes were not thought out. Structural interfaces, such as roofing and floor beams, were not sufficiently reliable, which created problems for future homeowners. Perhaps our opponent will say that you can build anything. Maybe... but at what cost? The cost of each ill-conceived decision in the construction of a house, including wood, is very high. Choose carefully. Do not hurry. You can always contact this independent specialist for the most objective assessment of the quality of each project. For our part, we offer you our planning solutions. You can evaluate each of them by visiting the built house. We hope that your choice of project will be the best decision for your family.

Foundation construction

Everybody knows The foundation is the foundation of any home.. And you certainly need a good solid foundation. In practice, the reliability of the foundation directly depends on several components: Who is doing? How does? What materials does it use?

You and I live in Russia and, of course, we notice that even in Moscow, roads and sidewalks are not ideal. The first question is who are the contractors?

We recommend that you choose a reliable and responsible contractor for the installation of the foundation of your house, and not a group of guest workers from the nearest construction market in the Moscow region. Involving an experienced foreman in the work will give confidence in the quality. Knowledge by workers of technological processes when pouring the foundation will eliminate the need to correct errors that will inevitably arise when accessing the services of guest workers who will tell you that "they can do everything." All in all, it will save you both time and money. It will relieve you of unnecessary stress and tension for the nervous system.

The emphasis during the installation of the foundation must also be made on point 3 - “what it is made of”. The use of a high-quality ready-mix concrete of a high grade and a connected powerful reinforcing cage, a strong, precisely sized formwork is also a necessary component of a reliable and strong foundation for your wooden house. We recommend using ready-mixed concrete of classes not lower than B-17.5. In the construction of our houses, we use only B-22.5 concrete. According to the old Soviet classification system, it corresponds to the M-300 concrete grade. At the same time, the installation of the lower crown of the house on such a reliable foundation can be done within 5-10 days after pouring concrete into the formwork.

Assembling the box at home

Imagine that the foundation of your house is already ready. After that, and before the installation of the first crown, waterproofing work must be carried out. A special insulating material is laid on the surface of the foundation - reinforced waterproofing. This is a rolled material, which, based on frost-resistant bituminous mastic, is applied to a special reinforcing fabric. The material prevents the penetration of moisture into the lower crown.

Next, the installation of the house kit begins. It starts from the lower crown of the house. It, in turn, consists of a half crown and a crown covering it. It is important to carefully check the axial dimensions of the house and diagonals. The geometry of the lower crown must be perfect, as this is the basis of the geometry of the future house. Therefore, dimensions are checked with special care. As in the proverb: Seven times measure cut once.

Many of you will face a difficult choice - What material is better to choose for the walls of a wooden house? What section of a log or beam is better to use? What interventional insulation is preferable to use when assembling a box at home? Some consider it a sufficient and economically reasonable option - using a log diameter of 200 mm or 220 mm or a beam with a section of 145 mm or 160 mm. Other future homeowners believe that a wooden house built from natural logs of such diameters will not be warm enough and order larger material for the walls of the house - a log with a diameter of 280 mm or even 300 mm or a beam with a thickness of 240 mm or 280 mm. Which of them is right?

Let's hear the opinion on this issue from experts in wooden housing construction and ask for recommendations from our engineers. Of course, both the size of the log diameter and the thickness of the glued beam significantly affect the quality and comfort of a wooden house. This directly affects how energy efficient and warm your home will be. At the same time, it is impossible to discard cases when the crooked hands of covens or random builders made a house even from a log with a section of 260 mm cold. Rather, even so that a house built from a diameter of 200 mm turned out to be of better quality and warmer.

According to experts, it is more important that when selecting raw materials for the manufacture of logs with a diameter of 280-300 mm, a sawlog of a larger section is used. And for a diameter of 200-220 mm - on the contrary, a younger forest. The result is an older sawlog with a stronger, more stable structure and, of course, a much thicker layer of solid wood. We get the desired effect - a large-diameter natural log has practically no spatial deformations and cracks less. The thick log has a slight shrinkage. It does not require difficult adjustment during installation. This way you end up with a different, higher build quality. The knots and joints will be tight even after the installation of the house kit and, after a while, after the shrinkage of the assembled box. The conclusion of the experts is that a house made of logs of large diameter will not only be warmer, but also of better quality. It must be taken into account that the effect of increasing the thickness of the wall material will be higher when using the northern forest and less significant when using wood from the regions neighboring Moscow.

The economic component is certainly not the last one when making an important decision on the cross section of the wall material. But think a few times - in fact, the difference of 200-300 thousand rubles in the total construction budget is less than 5%. Taking into account the future costs of heating the house, this difference will return to your pocket, and the advantages of a large diameter will always be with you and - completely free of charge.

An important component during the installation of the house kit are floor beams, floor beams and rafters. Here, too, the cross-section of building parts is important. We recommend using timber with a cross section of at least 200 mm. It is better to use rafters with a section of at least 200 × 50 mm. At our facilities, as an option, we offer our Customers the installation of these elements from Siberian larch.

During laying, the pitch of the rafters and beams should not be more than 60 cm. Such a distance between the load-bearing elements of the house's structures - beams and rafters, makes it possible to lay heat or soundproof boards efficiently and tightly.

When installing a house, it is worth looking ahead and foreseeing the measures that are indispensable for creating a comfortable home. What is meant? We mean the acoustic comfort inside the house and another important point - the ventilation of the walls. Many, including the builders of wooden houses, naively believe that the use of conventional interventional gasket materials will not create problems. They hope that they will "work" ... In fact, the following is obtained - the details of the walls of a wooden house - whether it be a log, glued or a simple profiled beam - undergo deformations and change size a little. In this case, the following happens: 1. Gaps appear between the crowns, including this happens in glued beams. 2. Details begin to breathe and creak.

There is no time for acoustic comfort - any movement in one part of the house is transmitted to other rooms. This is especially true of interfloor ceilings and internal walls of the attic. How to protect yourself from this? Experts in wooden housing construction recommend using only proven interventional heaters and seals. Our company uses such material. It's called Klimalan. The material is produced in Germany based on sheep wool, which has long been known as excellent thermal insulation and very effective sound insulation. Mezhventsovy heater "Klimalan" the highest class in terms of sound insulation and noise suppression is European Class A. Almost all of our customers have chosen this material to insulate the walls of their wooden houses.

Contour finish

The first stage of finishing a wooden house - what we call contour finishing - will begin with several types of preparatory work. This is, first of all, grinding the surfaces of the outer walls of the wooden one - without this, high-quality painting of the walls from the outside is impossible, then the ideal plane of the truss structure of the house is removed and it is prepared for the subsequent installation of insulation. This is followed by the finishing of cornices and overhangs of the protruding parts of the roof, then the installation of not the main, but the subfloor with its preliminary treatment with antiseptic compounds.

It is worth not to lose sight of the high-quality insulation of the junction of the fronts and the truss structure. The heat loss through the roof will also depend on how well it is insulated.

After the preparatory measures are completed, important work begins, namely, the insulation of the truss structure, or, in short, the insulation of the roof. It is advisable to pay attention to the size of the releases of cornices and roof overhangs. It must be more than 70 centimeters. We have gone even further in our projects. We offer a basic package, in which the overhangs are already 900 mm from the wall axis, and as an option we offer roof extensions of 1,200 and 1,500 mm. This is a real chalet. The building material that we use for finishing the roof overhangs is a thick dry finishing board. We do not recommend using any kind of plastic spotlights. The fact is that a wooden house (including glued laminated timber) will “breathe” and the plastic “lining” will quickly lose its shape. Keep in mind that the roofing material must be sufficient and not thin in section. This will protect the structure with small deformations and drying out.

Our recommendation is to use slab rather than roll insulation. Among them: Rockwool and Paroc. For mounting the top membrane film, it is better to use professional building films. Dörken films or Tyvek AirGuard® can be used, Tyvek® Soft is also suitable. The use of Dörken foils will help reduce heat loss through your roof. When the laying of the insulation is completed, you can begin the installation of the roof and the drainage system of the wooden house. In parallel with the installation of the roof, work can also be carried out to prepare for the installation of windows and external doors - the installation of fire monitors on door and window openings. In parallel, the installation of internal frame partitions is underway.

The final part of the contour finishing stage is priming and painting the walls of the house from the outside. For the past 7 years, our company has been using materials for priming and painting houses, which are produced by the German company Remmers. In accordance with the design decisions and the greater attractiveness of the facades of a wooden house, the outer walls and the finishing of the roof hemming and cornices are painted in contrastingly different colors. When the house is painted and the scaffolding is dismantled, the exterior finishing stage of the wooden house is almost completed. It remains for us to install window blocks, entrance doors and mount decorative trim elements on them.

Internal communications

Immediately after the completion of contour finishing, it becomes possible to mount engineering networks and communications inside a wooden house and connect them to external networks. We recommend that you make the necessary preparation for this stage in advance. At a minimum, make a sketch of the arrangement of furniture and plumbing fixtures, if you want to approach the issue of installing engineering with all seriousness and how to think about what and where will be located, a project will be needed. We work with each of the customers individually and try to adapt the engineering solution to the specifics of a particular project as much as possible. It all starts with the interior and arrangement of furniture, layout of bathrooms, kitchen and arrangement of plumbing fixtures. Every detail is important, including the location of the sink, dishwasher and washing machine. It is important to determine how and in what way water will be supplied and sewage will be discharged. What fuel the boiler will have to run on. Do you need a boiler or is a flow heater sufficient? We will offer you the best engineering solution for heating and power supply of your home. Mutual understanding with the Customer and certainty in the goals and objectives for a particular house will help speed up the installation of engineering networks.

Fine finishing - finishing of a wooden house

The installation of communications has been completed - you can now proceed to the fine finish. Selected materials and a very skilled team of finishers are what you need to successfully implement your interior design plans. We recommend that before starting this stage, drive and see the already built houses with a completed fine finish. This will give you a more complete idea of ​​the breadth of the choice of building materials and will allow you to determine your preferences. The choice of floor material, decorative boards for ceilings is difficult to make from pictures in magazines and on the website - deep immersion is required, and we provide this opportunity at our facilities. Another important component of this stage is the actual work itself. Installation and installation of various parts and trim elements: window sills, stairs, decorative corners and trims - everything requires care and painstaking attitude. And another important detail is to ensure the correct selection of material. The use of the right material and the skillful hands of builders-finishers are the basis of the quality and long service life of the interior of the house. Engineers and foremen of our company during a visit to the objects will advise you on the use of different materials for the fine finishing of your wooden house.

Come visit us, get acquainted with our work, visit our facilities, and we will build your home with skill and care!

: where to start, what you need to pay attention to first of all when building a log house, how the construction ends.

Many developers before the start of construction there is excitement, a premonition of fuss and problems. Do not worry, anxiety happens to most, because it is not every year that you have to build your own house. Many build for the first time, once and for all. Without experience, it is difficult to remain calm and unperturbed.

There are constant thoughts in my head: will they deceive me, will they follow the rules when building my house, will the house turn out to be solid and reliable, will there be enough money, etc.?

If you are building with a company "Chukhloma estate", then do not worry and be sure that your house from a bar will be built as it should, according to the Agreement. Chukhloma Estate has been on the construction market since 2001, during which time we have built so many wooden houses from logs and timber that we have lost count of them.

The main thing for us is building a house with high quality, so that our customers are satisfied with our work and continue cooperation in the future, recommend our company to their relatives, friends and acquaintances. And this is only possible if our customers are satisfied with our homes and our carpenters.

So, where does the construction of any house begin? That's right, from the base...

1. Building a foundation for a house from a bar

The construction of the foundation is the first stage in the construction of a house from a bar.

The most common types of foundations that are erected under timber houses are (MZLF), pile-grillage and pile screw foundation.

Of these three, the most sought after is pile screw foundation. Due to three factors: price, production speed and the possibility of its installation at any time of the year.

The pile-screw foundation has the lowest manufacturing price, compared to all the others, and this is the decisive factor in choosing it for most developers. Moreover, you do not need to wait for some time when it is ready. As a rule, one light day is enough to screw the piles into the ground. The next day, you can already begin to install the log house on it.

Since log houses are built year-round, the construction of other types of foundations is problematic, especially MZLF, because. concrete does not set well in the cold, and it is difficult for him to dig a trench in frozen soil.

Thus, if you want to build a house inexpensively, then pay attention to the pile-screw foundation. It has proven itself well in the areas of our customers. Houses made of timber and even logs, built by our company "Chukhlomskaya Usadba" 10 or more years ago, stand firmly on a pile-screw foundation, without any complaints from customers.

A foundation with a grillage is something between a pile-screw and tape in terms of price and manufacturing principle, so it is acceptable for those who do not dare to opt for the first and who have a fairly large house.

For those who decide to build thoroughly, to build a large house for several generations, it is worth stopping at a shallow strip foundation. This is the most expensive type of foundation, but also the most reliable. There is no doubt that he will stand under the house for the entire period of his service. Especially it fits the overall.

2. Types of timber, installation of a log house

After you have the foundation ready, the team of carpenters proceeds to the second stage of construction - the erection of a log house on it.

If the foundation is pile-screw, then before installing the house, a strapping row is installed on the pile-screw foundation, which will connect all the piles sticking out of the ground.

An ordinary bar with a section of at least 100x150 mm is used for piping: the larger the building, the more rooms it contains, the more complex the foundation and the more piles, the thicker the bar should be.

The strapping row is necessarily processed, because. the timber is in contact with the metal, and this is not the best neighborhood for materials with opposite properties. Antiseptic strapping is a must!

In this article, we will consider the construction of a log house only from, which is a building material made of natural wood, made mechanically without the use of chemical action: a bar of natural moisture and chamber drying.

The first type of timber includes , and to the second dry profiled timber.

An ordinary beam differs from a profiled one in price - it is the cheapest and, therefore, affordable wooden building material due to the fact that it undergoes minimal processing.

During its manufacture, the wood layer is removed until a bar of the required section is obtained. Therefore, it is slightly rough to the touch, as it is customary to jokingly call it “shaggy timber” among carpenters.

A log cabin from a simple bar requires either additional processing of the walls in the form of a fence and grinding, or sheathing with other wall material.

Not only houses are built from ordinary timber, but also other types of buildings: utility blocks, garages, sheds, gazebos, it goes to the manufacture of a strapping row and to beam ceilings in floors and ceilings.

It has spikes and grooves on both sides, with which it closes in the wall when assembling a log house from it.

Both simple and profiled "raw" timber has a moisture content of 25-40%. The level of humidity depends on the period of manufacture and the environment, because wood is a hygroscopic material that has the ability to take and give moisture to the environment. The longer the bar of natural moisture is in the open air, the drier it becomes.

Dry profiled timber- the most expensive type of wooden building material of all types of solid timber, since it undergoes additional drying in a heat chamber. Its humidity, according to GOST, should be 12-20%.

In appearance, it is no different from a profiled timber of natural moisture: it has the same grooves on two sides, smooth surfaces on the other two sides. A log house assembled from profiled timber does not require additional processing of the walls, because they are even, without roughness, have a beautiful texture pattern of wood. To preserve the integrity of the wood of the log house, the walls must be treated with an antiseptic and, if desired, given some shade.

A log cabin is being erected. Both types of locking in the corner keep heat well with high-quality workmanship, because. have a complex configuration that does not allow air to pass through from the outside.

A log house from a bar is built either under shrinkage or on a turnkey basis.

3. Construction of a house from a beam for shrinkage

The phased construction of a house from a bar implies that the construction of a structure for shrinkage or turnkey determines the further order of work.

The construction phase is longer in time, because the house is being built from a bar of natural moisture.

A house made of "raw" timber shrinks up to 10% in the first year of construction. This means that it will decrease in height, because. the beam in the rows will dry out, sit down. During this period, when the wooden building material will sag, windows and doors cannot be installed to avoid formation in the walls. Because window and door frames will prevent this, will keep the upper rows from sagging while the lower rows will shrink freely.

Thus, the upper crowns, which will be held by windows and doors, will not be able to tightly close with the lower ones and gaps will form between them. That is why they build a house from a bar of natural moisture for shrinkage, so that the rows of the house during shrinkage can tightly close, “grow” to each other.

To do this, after the construction of the log house, openings are made in those places where windows and doors will be installed so that there is ventilation inside the house.

The house is necessarily covered with a roof in order to protect it from precipitation, you can immediately make a capital roof, under the weight of which shrinkage will occur faster.

Shrinkage occurs for about six months, its most intense stage occurs in the first 3-4 months.

4. Construction of a house from a turnkey timber

A house is being built from chamber-drying timber, because it shrinks less, up to 3-5% in the first year of construction. With this construction option, windows and doors are installed immediately, but taking into account shrinkage, technological expansion gaps are made above them.

Compensation gap- this is the distance between the beam and the window or door frame, which gradually decreases during shrinkage. A heater is placed in the void of the gap and covered with cash on top. Over time, the beam will lie on the box, tightly pressing down the insulation with its weight, the distance between the window and the beam will disappear.

5. Roof installation

In order for the roof to be reliable, it would not be blown away even under the pressure of the strongest hurricane, it is necessary to observe a number of technological conditions during its construction.

First of all, it is necessary to provide a solid frame-rafter system: rafters - edged board 50x150 mm and crate - edged board 25x150 mm. The rafters are installed in increments of 0.6 m, the distance between the crate is 20-30 cm. These are the optimal technological standards for the construction of the roof of a timber house. They are suitable for all types of roofs.

The main types of roofs are gable, broken line(attic) and hip.

The most difficult to manufacture, because. the rafters on it are not solid, but with a break. Therefore, the construction of a sloping roof must be approached with special care so that it is sufficiently reliable. For its construction, only an experienced team of carpenters should be involved.

Good craftsmen with skills are also needed in the manufacture of other types of roofs, especially if a special roof window is being built.

6. Finishing a house from a bar after shrinkage

Finishing a house from a bar after shrinkage is the final stage in the construction of a house from a bar of natural moisture.

Six months later, the main shrinkage of the log house is already taking place, so you can proceed with the installation of windows and doors, interior and exterior decoration: laying the finishing floors and ceilings, installing stairs, wiring, etc.

It must be borne in mind that imperceptible shrinkage will occur even before a year, therefore, as in the case of building a house from a turnkey timber, the necessary compensation gaps are made above the windows and doors.

So, now you know the phased construction of a house from a bar, in what order it happens. Of course, this description is given in general terms, because for each stage of construction you can write a whole instruction on several sheets, since they all have their own characteristics, each has its own nuances.

But you have already learned the most important things, what you need to pay attention to in the first place.

The most important condition for the construction of a quality wooden house is conscientious and skilled craftsmen. These are the people who work at the Chukhloma Usadba company.

Examples of the phased construction of a house from a timber for shrinkage with photos and videos:

Construction of a house from a bar under the project for shrinkage:

Construction of a house from a bar 6x9 according to the project for shrinkage:

The project of a house from a bar with a terrace

Start of construction of a house from a beam for shrinkage according to the project "Committee"

Consider the phased process of building a wooden house

Construction of a country cottage or residential house, the process is quite complicated, and requires good skills and professionalism. This fact scares away many people, and they put off their dream for later. To dispel such fears a little, we will tell you about the main points of building your own house.

So, any construction begins with understanding what you want to achieve in the end. You need to visually represent your future home, decide on the layout of the premises. You can of course go the other way. If it is difficult to imagine how your house should look like, there is an opportunity to turn to experienced designers and architects. They will help you choose the best options for layout, appearance and price. They just need to hear the basic input from you. For example, by the number of rooms, bathrooms, kitchens, boiler rooms, etc. After some time, the customer, as a rule, is provided with several options, with the ability to choose and make changes. The main thing that the project should contain is the location of your house on the site, relative to other buildings and roads, facades, layouts of all floors.

If you have chosen the project you like, you are sure that this is exactly what you would like to build, you can proceed to further actions. It is important to note here that if you have some doubts about the project, appearance, etc., it is better not to rush and not make imposed decisions. Wait, be patient and work further in this direction until you have confidence - “Here! This is what I like. I want to live in this house!” Otherwise, it will be time for regret later. After all, a house is not a trinket that we can get rid of, a house is forever!

The next step becomes preparation of the building site. Based on the project, or own preferences, if the design process in the architectural company was omitted, the building site is determined and marked out. The preparation of the area begins, by leveling it: hillocks are removed, holes are filled in, if necessary, the soil is dried. When preparing the site, it is important to make a slope from the house to remove thawed and rainwater, so that they do not accumulate under the building. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to think over and prepare an artificial diversion of water - to dig a small channel.

Next start land works for digging pits (trenches) for the foundation, communications, etc. The depth of the trenches should be chosen based on several factors: the type of soil, the depth of its freezing and the forces acting on the foundation.

Soils can be divided into several types: rocky, cartilaginous, sandy, loam and clay soils.

• rocky- very durable, not subject to deformation, do not erode and do not freeze through. On such soil, the foundation can be built superficial, i.e. without deepening.
• cartilaginous- less durable, mainly consist of crushed stone, gravel. Also not subject to deformation. Here, the foundation must be deepened at least 500 mm from the surface, regardless of the depth of freezing.
• Sandy- they pass moisture very well, under the influence of loads they are significantly compacted, they are little susceptible to freezing. Depth of laying - 400-700 mm.
• loams– includes sand and clay particles. The clay content is approximately 10-30%. The laying of the foundation must be maintained below the estimated freezing depth.
• clayey- have quite a few negative properties, they can blur, shrink, swell when freezing. The laying of the foundation is also necessary below the level of freezing.

It is important to know what is swelling- this is the process of freezing moisture in the soil, which is characterized by the expansion of the soil. Consequently, the extrusion of the foundation to the surface begins. Since the soil is not saturated with water evenly, swelling also occurs unevenly. The loads on the foundation, at its different points, differ from each other, resulting in cracking of concrete structures, and sometimes destruction.

In order to accurately determine the type of soil and the depth of its freezing, it is necessary to apply to a specialized construction state institution (or, if contacting an architectural company, to the project). Only then should you start preparing trenches. It all starts with the marking of future borders, and the installation of a cast-off. After that, you can start digging pits.

A wooden log house can be built at any time of the year, but you need to remember that there are two main stages between which it takes from 6 months to a year. This period is necessary for the complete shrinkage of the finished log house, after which all finishing work is carried out.

The first stage - "assembly"

The sequence of its passage is as follows:

• Preparation of necessary documents.
• Search or create a project.
• Approval of the contractor and the conclusion of a contract with him for the performance of work.

Foundation laying. This is practically the only construct of a wooden house that has restrictions on the construction period: the foundation is laid in the warm season, most practical in the fall.

Together with the installation of the foundation, they lay pipes for water supply and sewerage, arrange drainage and waterproofing the basement or basement (if they are planned). If you miss this moment, then you will have to break something in the new house and make additional investments of labor and finances.

For houses made of logs, a tape shallow-depth, pile-grillage (on bored piles) or slab (with soil indications) are installed. Installation together with curing takes about 4 weeks.

Log cabin installation.

While the foundation is being mounted and solidified, a set of log cabins is being made at the factory. The dimensions of the logs should correspond to the size of the house, although thicker logs "behave" better in the wall.

The log is delivered to the construction site already marked, in accordance with the future architecture of the building. Assembly takes place according to technological maps of walls in a sweep, without manual adjustment, which simplifies construction work and reduces their time. The first crown is laid on a special board attached to the foundation, and subsequent crowns are fastened together in a checkerboard pattern. The log crowns are laid with natural materials for thermal insulation.

If an untreated log is used to build a log house, then first it is folded on the ground in order to try on, pick up and fit the logs. After shrinkage, the log house is numbered, disassembled and transferred to a permanent place.

Roof installation.

Properly installed truss system of a log house - savings during the construction and further operation of the house. Rigid fastening of rafters, girders and gables is not used for wooden buildings, since shrinkage can cause the entire structure to break.

The most used roofing materials for a log house are soft roofing, ondulin and metal tiles (some of its types). This is due to the variety of textures and colors that allow them to be matched to a wooden style. More expensive material - natural tiles, more durable and natural.

At this, the first stage of building a house ends and, after a break for shrinkage, begins the second stage - "finishing".

Insulation of the foundation, roof, attic. Here they also check the results of shrinkage and seal possible cracks. Wall logs can be sanded and coated with tinted compounds to change the appearance.

Installation of wooden doors and windows. There should be gaps with insulation between the block (door or window) and the wall. They will be laid by platbands, but will play their role in the process of seasonal movement of the house.

Engineering work. Wiring, bathrooms, heating and ventilation systems, installation of stairs, antennas and video surveillance.

Floor installation. In a log house, it is best to have a wooden floor. Modern technologies make it possible to equip the "warm floor" system, and no matter what the subfloor coating will be.

Exterior and interior decoration.

Exterior cladding or grinding is carried out in the warm season, and interior decoration - at the same time or after heating is supplied to the house.