There are open and closed types. They are used for the purpose of separating sewage effluents, with the help of which heavy fractions and large debris are separated from water. These open-type structures are a reservoir that is assembled from perforated concrete blocks. In them, the liquid goes independently into the ground through special holes. Heavy fractions remain in the mine and are removed using special equipment for further disposal.
Closed-type plants are a special hermetic container that has technological outlets located at different heights. When sewage enters the mine, floating particles are discharged through the upper channels, and sediment layers are discharged through the lower channels.
It is necessary to install the structure in a place where groundwater occurs below the level of the station bottom. Additionally, a crushed stone pillow of 0.5 m is poured. The base should rise above the soil at 1 m.
Conclusion
Before you start equipping a sewage network, be sure to read all the provisions of SNiP, start planning, marking, and then choosing the mine that suits you. You will definitely need an estimate for the installation of a sewer well in order to correctly calculate in advance all the costs for arranging the entire backbone network.
BUILDING REGULATIONS
OUTDOOR NETWORKS AND FACILITIES
WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE
SNiP 3.05.04-85*
USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE
Moscow 1990
DEVELOPED VNII VODGEO Gosstroy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences IN AND. gotovtsev- theme leader VC. Andriadi), with the participation of the Soyuzvodokanalproekt of the Gosstroy of the USSR ( P.G. Vasiliev and A.S. Ignatovich), Donetsk Promstroyniiproekt Gosstroy USSR ( S.A. Svetnitsky), NIIOSP them. Gresevanova Gosstroy of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences V. G.Galician and DI. Fedorovich), Giprorechtrans of the Ministry of River Fleet of the RSFSR ( M.N.Domanevsky), Research Institute of Communal Water Supply and Water Purification of the AKH them. K.D. Pamfilov of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences ON THE. Lukinykh, cand. tech. Sciences V.P. Krishtul), Institute of the Tula Promstroyproekt of the Ministry of Tyazhstroy of the USSR.
INTRODUCED VNII VODGEO Gosstroy USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Glavtekhnormirovaniye Gosstroy USSR N.A. Shishov).
SNiP 3.05.04-85* is a reissue of SNiP 3.05.04-85 with amendment No. 1, approved by Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of May 25, 1990 No. 51.
The change was developed by VNII VODGEO Gosstroy of the USSR and TsNIIEP of engineering equipment of the State Committee for Architecture.
Sections, paragraphs, tables in which changes have been made are marked with an asterisk.
Agreed with the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Directorate of the Ministry of Health of the USSR by letter dated November 10, 1984 No. 121212/1600-14.
When using a regulatory document, one should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine of the USSR Gosstroy and the information index "State Standards of the USSR" of Gosstandart.
* These rules apply to the construction of new, expansion and reconstruction of existing external networks 1 and water supply and sewerage facilities in settlements of the national economy.
_________
1 External networks - in the following text "pipelines".
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. When building new, expanding and reconstructing existing pipelines and water supply and sewerage facilities, in addition to the requirements of projects (working projects) 1 and these rules, the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85 *, SNiP 3.01.03-84, SNiP III-4-80 * and other norms and rules, standards and departmental regulations approved in accordance with SNiP 1.01.01-83.
1 Projects (working projects) - in the following text "projects".
1.2. Completed pipelines and water supply and sewerage facilities should be put into operation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.04-87.
2. EARTHWORKS
2.1. Earthworks and foundation works during the construction of pipelines and water supply and sewerage facilities must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-87.
3. PIPING INSTALLATION
GENERAL PROVISIONS
3.1. When moving pipes and assembled sections with anti-corrosion coatings, soft tongs, flexible towels and other means should be used to prevent damage to these coatings.
3.2. When laying pipes intended for domestic and drinking water supply, surface or waste water should not be allowed to enter them. Before installation, pipes and fittings, fittings and finished units must be inspected and cleaned from inside and outside from dirt, snow, ice, oils and foreign objects.
3.3. The installation of pipelines should be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works and technological maps after checking the compliance with the project of the dimensions of the trench, fixing the walls, bottom marks and, in case of above-ground laying, supporting structures. The results of the check should be reflected in the work log.
3.4. Flare-type pipes of non-pressure pipelines should, as a rule, be laid with a flare up the slope.
3.5. The straightness of sections of free-flow pipelines between adjacent wells, provided for by the project, should be controlled by viewing “into the light” using a mirror before and after backfilling the trench. When viewing a pipeline of circular cross section, the circle visible in the mirror must have the correct shape.
The permissible horizontal deviation from the circle shape should be no more than 1/4 of the pipeline diameter, but not more than 50 mm in each direction. Deviations from the correct form of the circle vertically are not allowed.
3.6. The maximum deviations from the design position of the axes of pressure pipelines should not exceed ± 100 mm in plan, the marks of the trays of non-pressure pipelines are ± 5 mm, and the marks of the top of pressure pipelines are ± 30 mm, unless other standards are justified by the project.
3.7. Laying pressure pipelines along a gentle curve without the use of fittings is allowed for socket pipes with butt joints on rubber seals with an angle of rotation in each joint of no more than 2 ° for pipes with a nominal diameter of up to 600 mm and no more than 1 ° for pipes with a nominal diameter over 600 mm.
3.8. When installing water supply and sewerage pipelines in mountainous conditions, in addition to the requirements of these rules, the requirements of Sec. 9SNiP III-42-80.
3.9. When laying pipelines on a straight section of the route, the connected ends of adjacent pipes must be centered so that the width of the socket gap is the same around the entire circumference.
3.10. The ends of pipes, as well as openings in the flanges of shut-off and other fittings, during breaks in laying, should be closed with plugs or wooden plugs.
3.11. Rubber seals for the installation of pipelines at low outdoor temperatures are not allowed to be used in a frozen state.
3.12. Sealing and “locking” materials, as well as sealants according to the project, should be used to seal (seal) the butt joints of pipelines.
3.13. Flange connections of fittings and fittings should be mounted in compliance with the following requirements:
flange connections must be installed perpendicular to the axis of the pipe;
the planes of the connected flanges must be even, the nuts of the bolts must be located on one side of the connection; bolts should be tightened evenly crosswise;
elimination of distortions of flanges by installing beveled gaskets or tightening bolts is not allowed;
welding of joints adjacent to a flange connection should be carried out only after uniform tightening of all bolts on the flanges.
3.14. When using soil for the construction of a stop, the supporting wall of the pit must be with an undisturbed soil structure.
3.15. The gap between the pipeline and the prefabricated part of the concrete or brick stops must be tightly filled with concrete mixture or cement mortar.
3.16. Protection of steel and reinforced concrete pipelines from corrosion should be carried out in accordance with the design and requirements of SNiP 3.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.03.11-85.
3.17. On the pipelines under construction, they are subject to acceptance with the preparation of certificates of examination of hidden works in the form given in SNiP 3.01.01-85 anti-corrosion protection of pipelines, sealing of places where pipelines pass through the walls of wells and chambers, backfilling of pipelines with a seal, etc.
STEEL PIPING
3.18. Welding methods, as well as types, structural elements and dimensions of welded joints of steel pipelines must comply with the requirements of GOST 16037-80.
3.19. Before assembling and welding pipes, they should be cleaned of dirt, check the geometric dimensions of the groove, clean the edges and the inner and outer surfaces of the pipes adjacent to them to a width of at least 10 mm to a metallic sheen.
3.20. Upon completion of welding work, the outer insulation of pipes in the places of welded joints must be restored in accordance with the project.
3.21. When assembling pipe joints without a backing ring, the offset of the edges should not exceed 20% of the wall thickness, but not more than 3 mm. For butt joints assembled and welded on the remaining cylindrical ring, the offset of the edges from the inside of the pipe should not exceed 1 mm.
3.22. Assembly of pipes with a diameter of more than 100 mm, made with a longitudinal or spiral weld, should be carried out with a displacement of the seams of adjacent pipes by at least 100 mm. When assembling the joint of pipes in which the factory longitudinal or spiral seam is welded on both sides, the displacement of these seams can be omitted.
3.23. Transverse welded joints should be located at a distance of not less than:
0.2 m from the edge of the pipeline support structure;
0.3 m from the outer and inner surfaces of the chamber or the surface of the enclosing structure through which the pipeline passes, as well as from the edge of the case.
3.24. The connection of the ends of the joined pipes and sections of pipelines, if the gap between them is more than the permissible value, should be carried out by inserting a "coil" with a length of at least 200 mm.
3.25. The distance between the circumferential weld of the pipeline and the seam of the branch pipes welded to the pipeline must be at least 100 mm.
3.26. Assembly of pipes for welding must be carried out using centralizers; it is allowed to straighten smooth dents at the ends of pipes with a depth of up to 3.5% of the pipe diameter and adjust the edges using jacks, roller bearings and other means. Sections of pipes with dents greater than 3.5% of the pipe diameter or with tears should be cut out. The ends of pipes with nicks or chamfers with a depth of more than 5 mm should be cut off.
When applying the root seam, the tacks must be completely digested. The electrodes or welding wire used for tacks must be of the same grade as for welding the main seam.
3.27. Welders are allowed to weld joints of steel pipelines if they have documents for the right to carry out welding work in accordance with the Rules for the certification of welders approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor.
3.28. Before being allowed to work on welding joints of pipelines, each welder must weld a tolerance joint under production conditions x (at the construction site) in the following cases:
if he first started welding pipelines or had a break in work for more than 6 months;
if pipes are welded from new steel grades, using new grades of welding materials (electrodes, welding wire, fluxes) or using new types of welding equipment.
On pipes with a diameter of 529 mm or more, it is allowed to weld half of the tolerance joint. The tolerance joint is subjected to:
external inspection, in which the weld must meet the requirements of this section and GOST 16037-80;
radiographic control in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7512-82;
mechanical tensile and bending tests in accordance with GOST 6996-66.
In case of unsatisfactory results of checking the tolerance joint, welding and re-inspection of two other tolerance joints are carried out. In the event that unsatisfactory results are obtained during repeated control at least at one of the joints, the welder is recognized as having failed the tests and may be allowed to weld the pipeline only after additional training and repeated tests.
3.29. Each welder must have a brand assigned to him. The welder is obliged to knock out or build up a brand at a distance of 30 - 50 mm from the joint from the side accessible for inspection.
3.30. Welding and tacking of butt joints of pipes is allowed to be carried out at an outdoor temperature of up to minus 50 ° C. At the same time, welding work without heating the welded joints is allowed to perform:
at outdoor air temperature up to min s 20 ° C - when using carbon steel pipes with a carbon content of not more than 0.24% (regardless of the pipe wall thickness), as well as low-alloy steel pipes with a wall thickness of not more than 10 mm;
at an outside air temperature of up to minus 10 °C - when using pipes made of carbon steel with a carbon content of more than 0.24%, as well as pipes made of low-alloy steel with a wall thickness of more than 10 mm. When the outside air temperature is below the above limits, welding work should be carried out with heating in special cabins, in which the air temperature should be maintained not lower than the above, or the ends of the pipes to be welded should be heated in the open air for a length of at least 200 mm to a temperature not lower than 200 °C.
After welding is completed, it is necessary to ensure a gradual decrease in the temperature of the joints and the adjacent zones of the pipes by covering them after welding with an asbestos towel or in another way.
3.31. In multi-layer welding, each layer of the seam must be cleaned of slag and metal spatter before applying the next seam. Sections of the weld metal with pores, cavities and cracks should be cut down to the base metal, and the weld craters should be welded.
3.32. In manual arc welding, individual layers of the seam must be superimposed so that their closing sections in adjacent layers do not coincide with one another.
3.33. When performing welding work outdoors during precipitation, the welding points must be protected from moisture and wind.
3.34. When quality control of welded joints of steel pipelines should be performed:
operational control during assembly and welding of the pipeline in accordance with the requirements SNiP 3.01.01-85 *;
checking the continuity of welded joints with the detection of internal defects by one of the non-destructive (physical) control methods - radiographic (X-ray or gammagraphic) according to GOST 7512-82 or ultrasonic according to GOST 14782-86.
The use of the ultrasonic method is allowed only in combination with the radiographic method, which must be used to check at least 10% of the total number of joints to be controlled.
3.35. During operational quality control of welded joints of steel pipelines, it is necessary to check the compliance with the standards of structural elements and dimensions of welded joints, welding method, quality of welding consumables, edge preparation, gap size, number of tacks, as well as serviceability of welding equipment.
3.36. All welded joints are subject to external inspection. On pipelines with a diameter of 1020 mm and more, its welded joints, welded without a backing ring, are subjected to external inspection and measurement of dimensions outside and inside the pipe, in other cases - only outside. Before inspection, the weld and adjacent surfaces of pipes to a width of at least 20 mm (on both sides of the weld) must be cleaned of slag, splashes of molten metal, scale and other contaminants.
The quality of the welded seam according to the results of the external examination is considered satisfactory, if it is not found:
cracks in the seam and adjacent area;
deviations from the allowable dimensions and shape of the seam;
undercuts, sinkings between the rollers, sagging, burns, unwelded craters and pores emerging on the surface, lack of penetration or sagging at the root of the seam (when examining the joint from inside the pipe);
pipe edge displacements exceeding the allowable dimensions.
Joints that do not meet the listed requirements are subject to correction or removal and re-control of their quality.
3.38. Welded joints for control by physical methods are selected in the presence of a representative of the customer, who writes down in the work log information about the joints selected for control (location, welder's brand, etc.).
3.39. 100% of welded joints of pipelines laid at crossings under and over railway and tram tracks, through water barriers, under highways, in urban sewers for communications when laid in combination with other engineering communications should be subjected to physical control methods. The length of controlled sections of pipelines at sections of crossings should be taken at least as follows:
for railways - the distance between the axes of the extreme tracks and 40 m from them in each direction;
for highways - the width of the embankment along the sole or excavation along the top and 25 m from them in each direction;
for water barriers - within the boundaries of the underwater crossing, determined by Sec. 6SNiP 2.05.06-85;
for other engineering communications - the width of the crossed structure, including its drainage devices, plus at least 4 m on each side of the extreme boundaries of the crossed structure.
3.40. Welded seams should be rejected if cracks, unwelded craters, burns, fistulas, as well as lack of penetration at the root of the seam made on the backing ring are found during physical inspection.
When checking welds by radiographic method, the following are considered acceptable defects:
pores and inclusions, the dimensions of which do not exceed the maximum allowable according to GOST 23055-78 for the 7th class of welded joints;
lack of penetration, concavity and excess penetration at the root of the weld, made by electric arc welding without a backing ring, the height (depth) of which does not exceed 10% of the nominal wall thickness, and the total length is 1/3 of the inner perimeter of the joint.
3.41. If unacceptable defects in welds are detected by physical methods of control, these defects should be eliminated and a second quality control of the doubled number of welds compared to that specified in Art. If unacceptable defects are detected during the re-inspection, all joints made by this welder should be checked.
3.42. Weld sections with unacceptable defects are subject to correction by local sampling and subsequent welding (as a rule, without overwelding the entire welded joint), if the total length of the samples after removing the defective sections does not exceed the total length specified in GOST 23055-78 for the 7th class.
Correction of defects in the joints should be done by arc welding.
Undercuts should be corrected by surfacing thread rollers with a height of not more than 2 - 3 mm. Cracks less than 50 mm long are drilled at the ends, cut out, carefully cleaned and welded in several layers.
3.43. The results of checking the quality of welded joints of steel pipelines by physical control methods should be documented in an act (protocol).
CAST IRON PIPING
3.44. Installation of cast-iron pipes manufactured in accordance with GOST 9583-75 should be carried out with sealing of socket joints with hemp resin or bituminized strand and device asbestos-cement lock, or only sealant, and pipes manufactured in accordance with TU 14-3-12 47-83, rubber cuffs supplied complete with pipes without a lock device.
Compound asbestos-cement mixtures for the device of the lock, as well as sealant is determined by the project.
3.45. The gap between the stop surface of the socket and the end of the pipe to be connected (regardless of the material of the joint seal) should be taken, mm, for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5, over 300 mm - 8-10.
3.46. The dimensions of the elements for sealing the butt joint of cast-iron pressure pipes must correspond to values given v.
Table 1
Embedding depth, mm |
|||
when using hemp or sisal strand |
when making a lock |
using only sealants |
|
100-150 |
25 (35) |
||
200-250 |
40 (50) |
||
400-600 |
50 (60) |
||
800-1600 |
55 (65) |
||
2400 |
70 (80) |
||
3.53. Sealing of butt joints of folded non-pressure reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with smooth ends should be carried out in accordance with the project.
3.54. The connection of reinforced concrete and concrete pipes with pipeline fittings and metal pipes should be carried out using steel inserts or reinforced concrete fittings made according to the project.
PIPING FROM CERAMIC PIPES
3.55. The gap between the ends of the laid ceramic pipes (regardless of the material for sealing the joints) should be taken, mm: for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - 5 - 7, for large diameters - 8 - 10.
3.56. Butt joints of pipelines made of ceramic pipes should be sealed with hemp or sisal bituminized strand followed by the installation of a lock from a cement mortar grade B7, 5, asphalt (bituminous) mastic and polysulfide (thiokol) sealants, if other materials are not provided by the project. The use of asphalt mastic is allowed at a temperature of the transported waste liquid of not more than 40 ° C and in the absence of bitumen solvents in it.
The main dimensions of the elements of the butt joint of ceramic pipes must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in.
Table 3
3.57. The sealing of pipes in the walls of wells and chambers must ensure the tightness of the joints and the water tightness of wells in wet soils.
PIPING FROM PLASTIC PIPES*
3.58. The connection of pipes made of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) and low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE) between themselves and with fittings should be carried out with a heated tool using the method of flash butt welding or socket welding. Welding between pipes and fittings made of polyethylene of various types (HDPE and LDPE) is not allowed.
3.5 9. For welding, installations (devices) should be used that ensure the maintenance of the parameters of technological modes in accordance with OST 6-19-505-79 and other regulatory and technical documentation approved in accordance with the established procedure.
3.60. Welders are allowed to weld pipelines from LDPE and HDPE if they have documents for the right to perform welding of plastics.
3.61. Welding of pipes made of LDPE and HDPE is allowed to be carried out at an outside air temperature of at least minus 10 ° C. At a lower outside air temperature, welding should be carried out in insulated rooms.
When performing welding work, the welding site must be protected from the effects of precipitation and dust.
3.62. Pipe connection made of PVC(PVC) between each other and with fittings should be carried out by gluing in-line (with the use of m glue brand GI PK-127 in accordance with TU 6-05-251-95-79) and using rubber cuffs supplied as a set with pipes.
3.63. Glued joints should not be subjected to mechanical stress for 15 minutes. Pipelines with adhesive joints should not be subjected to hydraulic tests within 24 hours.
3.64. Bonding work should be carried out at an outdoor temperature of 5 to 35 °C. The place of work must be protected from the effects of precipitation and dust.
4. PIPELINE CROSSINGS THROUGH NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL OBSTACLES
4.1. Construction of crossings of pressure pipelines for water supply and sewerage through water barriers (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals), underwater pipelines to water intakes and sewer outlets within the course of reservoirs, as well as underground crossings through ravines, roads (roads and railways, including metro lines and tram tracks) and urban passages should be carried out by specialized organizations in accordance with the requirements SNiP 3.02.01-87,SNiP III-42-80(section 8) and this section.
4.2. Methods for laying pipeline crossings through natural and artificial barriers are determined by the project.
4.3. The laying of underground pipelines under the roads should be carried out with constant surveying and geodetic control of the construction organization for compliance with the planned and high-altitude positions of the cases and pipelines provided for by the project.
4.4. Deviations of the axis of protective cases of transitions from the design position for gravity free-flow pipelines should not exceed:
vertically - 0.6% of the length of the case, provided that the design slope is ensured;
horizontally - 1% of the length of the case.
For pressure pipelines, these deviations should not exceed 1 and 1.5% of the case length, respectively.
5. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE FACILITIES
SURFACE WATER INTAKE FACILITIES
5.1. The construction of structures for the intake of surface water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs and canals should be carried out, as a rule, by specialized construction and installation organizations in accordance with the project.
5.2. Prior to the commencement of the construction of the foundation for the channel water intakes, their center axes and marks of temporary benchmarks should be checked.
WATER WELLS
5.3. In the process of drilling wells, all types of work and key indicators (driving, diameter of the drilling tool, fastening and extraction of pipes from the well, grouting, water level measurements and other operations) should be reflected in the drilling log. At the same time, the name of the rocks passed, color, density (strength), fracturing, granulometric rock composition, water content, the presence and size of a "plug" during the sinking of quicksand, the water level that appeared and became established in all aquifers encountered, the absorption of flushing fluid. Measurement of the water level in wells during drilling should be done before the start of each shift. In flowing wells, water levels should be measured by extending pipes or measuring water pressure.
5.4. In the process of drilling, depending on the actual geological section, it is allowed, within the limits of the aquifer established by the project, by the drilling organization to adjust the depth of the well, diameters and landing depth of technical columns without changing the operating diameter of the well and without increasing the cost of work. Changes to the design of the well should not worsen its sanitary condition and productivity.
5.5. Samples should be taken one by one from each layer of rock, and in a homogeneous layer - after 10 m.
By agreement with the design organization, rock samples may not be taken from all wells.
5.6. Isolation of the exploited aquifer in the well from unused aquifers should be carried out with the drilling method:
rotational - by annular and annulus grouting of casing strings to the levels provided by the project:
shock - by crushing and driving the casing string into a layer of natural dense clay to a depth of at least 1 m or by carrying out under-shoe cementation by creating a cavity with an expander or an eccentric bit.
5.7. To ensure the project granulometric According to the composition of the well filter bedding material, clayey-sandy fractions should be removed by washing, and the washed material should be disinfected before backfilling.
5.8. The exposure of the filter during its backfilling should be carried out by raising the casing string each time by 0.5 - 0.6 m after backfilling the well by 0.8 - 1 m in height. The upper boundary of the backfill must be at least 5 m higher than the working part of the filter.
5.9. After completion of drilling and installation of a filter, water wells must be tested by pumping performed continuously during the time provided for by the project.
Before starting pumping, the well must be cleaned of cuttings and pumped, as a rule, by an airlift. In fissured rock and gravel and pebble in aquifers, pumping should start from the maximum design drawdown, and in sandy rocks, from the minimum design drawdown. The value of the minimum actual decrease in the water level should be within 0.4 - 0.6 of the maximum actual.
In the event of a forced stoppage of works on pumping water, if the total time stop exceeds 10% of the total design time for one drop in water level, pumping out water for this drop should be repeated. In the case of pumping out from wells equipped with a packed filter, the amount of shrinkage of the packing material should be measured during pumping once a day.
5.10. The flow rate (productivity) of wells should be determined by measuring capacity with the time of its filling at least 45 s. It is allowed to determine the flow rate using weirs and water meters.
The water level in the well should be measured with an accuracy of 0.1% of the depth of the measured water level.
The flow rate and water levels in the well should be measured at least every 2 hours during the entire pumping time specified by the project.
Control measurements of the depth of the well should be made at the beginning and at the end of pumping in the presence of a representative of the customer.
5.11. During the pumping process, the drilling organization must measure the water temperature and take water samples in accordance with GOST 18963-73 and GOST 4979-49 with their delivery to the laboratory to check the water quality in accordance with GOST 2874-82.
The quality of cementation of all casing strings, as well as the location of the working part of the filter, should be checked by geophysical methods. mouth self-flowing wells at the end of drilling must be equipped with a valve and a fitting for a pressure gauge.
5.12. Upon completion of drilling a water well and testing it by pumping water, the top of the production pipe must be welded with a metal cover and have a threaded hole for a plug bolt to measure the water level. The design and drilling numbers of the well, the name of the drilling organization and the year of drilling should be marked on the pipe.
In order to operate the well, in accordance with the project, it must be equipped with instruments for measuring water levels and flow rates.
5.13. Upon completion of drilling and testing by pumping out a water well, the drilling organization must transfer it to the customer in accordance with the requirements SNiP 3.01.04-87, as well as samples of breeds passed and documentation (passport), including:
geological and lithological section with well design corrected according to geophysical survey data;
certificates for laying a well, installing a filter, cementing casing strings;
a summary log with the results of its interpretation, signed by the organization that performed the geophysical work;
a logbook of observations of water pumping from a water well;
data on the results of chemical, bacteriological analyzes and organoleptic water indicators according to GOST 2874-82 and the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological service.
Documentation before delivery to the customer must be agreed with the design organization.
CAPACITY FACILITIES
5.14. When installing concrete and reinforced concrete monolithic and prefabricated capacitive structures, in addition to the requirements of the project, the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 and these rules should also be met.
5.15. Backfilling of soil into the sinuses and backfilling of capacitive structures must be carried out, as a rule, by a mechanized method after laying communications to capacitive structures, conducting a hydraulic test of structures, eliminating identified defects, performing waterproofing of walls and ceilings.
5.16. After the completion of all types of work and the concrete gaining design strength, a hydraulic test of capacitive structures is carried out in accordance with the requirements.
5.17. Installation drainage distribution systems of filtering structures are allowed to be carried out after a hydraulic test of the structure's capacity for tightness.
5.18. Round holes in pipelines for the distribution of water and air, as well as for the collection of water, should be drilled in accordance with the class indicated in the project.
Deviations from the design width of slotted holes in polyethylene pipes should not exceed 0.1 mm, and from the design length of the slot in the light ± 3 mm.
5.19. Deviations in the distances between the axes of the couplings of the caps in the distribution and outlet systems of the filters should not exceed ± 4 mm, and in the marks of the top of the caps (along the cylindrical ledges) - ± 2 mm from the design position.
5.20. Weir edge marks in water distribution and collection devices (gutters, trays, etc.) must comply with the project and must be aligned with the water level.
When installing overflows with triangular cutouts, the deviations of the marks of the bottom of the cutouts from the design ones should not exceed ± 3 mm.
5.21. On the inner and outer surfaces of the gutters and channels for collecting and distributing water, as well as for collecting precipitation, there should be no shells and growths. Trays of gutters and channels must have a slope specified by the project in the direction of water (or sediment) movement. The presence of sites with a reverse slope is not allowed.
5.22. It is allowed to lay the filter load in facilities for water purification by filtration after a hydraulic test of the tanks of these facilities, flushing and cleaning of the pipelines connected to them, individual testing of the operation of each of the distribution and assembly systems, measuring and locking devices.
5.23. Materials of the filter load placed in water purification facilities, including biofilters, according to granulometric composition must comply with the project or the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84 and SNiP 2.04.03-85.
5.24. The deviation of the layer thickness of each fraction of the filter load from the design value and the thickness of the entire load should not exceed ± 20 mm.
5.25. After completion of work on laying the loading of the filtering facility for drinking water supply, the facility should be washed and disinfected, the procedure for which is presented in the recommended one.
5.26. Installation of combustible structural elements of wooden sprinklers, water trapping gratings, air guides shields and baffles of fan cooling towers and splash pools should be carried out after completion of welding work.
6. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPELINES AND WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE FACILITIES IN SPECIAL NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
6.1. During the construction of pipelines and water supply and sewerage facilities in special natural and climatic conditions, the requirements of the project and this section should be observed.
6.2. Temporary water supply pipelines, as a rule, must be laid on the surface of the earth in compliance with the requirements for laying permanent water supply pipelines.
6.3. The construction of pipelines and structures on permafrost soils should be carried out, as a rule, at negative outdoor temperatures with the preservation of frozen foundation soils. In the case of the construction of pipelines and structures at positive outdoor temperatures, it is necessary to keep the foundation soils in a frozen state and prevent violations of their temperature and humidity mode set by the project.
The preparation of the base for pipelines and structures of ice-saturated soils should be carried out by thawing them to the design depth and compaction, as well as by replacing ice-saturated soils with thawed compacted soils in accordance with the design.
The movement of vehicles and construction machines in the summer should be carried out on roads and access roads built in accordance with the project.
6.4. The construction of pipelines and structures in seismic regions should be carried out using the same methods and methods as in normal construction conditions, but with the implementation of the measures provided for by the project to ensure their seismic resistance. Joints of steel pipelines and fittings should be welded only by electric arc methods and the quality of welding should be checked by their physical control methods in the amount of 100%.
During the construction of reinforced concrete capacitive structures, pipelines, wells and chambers, cement mortars with plasticizing additives should be used in accordance with the project.
6.5. All work to ensure the seismic resistance of pipelines and structures performed during the construction process should be reflected in the work log and in the certificates of survey of hidden works.
6.6. When backfilling the sinuses of capacitive structures under construction in undermined territories, the safety of expansion joints should be ensured.
The gaps of the expansion joints over their entire height (from the bottom of the foundations to the top above the foundation parts of structures) must be cleared of soil, construction debris, concrete sagging, mortar and formwork waste.
Inspection certificates for concealed work should document all major special works, including: installation of expansion joints, arrangement of sliding joints in foundation structures and expansion joints; device for passing pipes through the walls of wells, chambers, capacitive structures.
6.7. Pipelines in swamps should be laid in a trench after the water has been drained from it or in a trench flooded with water, provided that the necessary measures against their floating are taken in accordance with the project.
The pipeline strings should be dragged along the trench or moved afloat with plugged ends.
Laying of pipelines on fully compacted dams must be carried out as in normal soil conditions.
6.8. During the construction of pipelines on settled soils, pits for butt joints should be made by compacting the soil.
7. TESTING OF PIPING AND STRUCTURES
PRESSURE PIPING
7.1. If there is no indication in the project about the method of testing, pressure pipelines are subject to strength and tightness testing, as a rule, by hydraulic method. Depending on the climatic conditions in the construction area and in the absence of water, a pneumatic test method can be used for pipelines with an internal design pressure P p , not more than:
underground cast iron asbestos-cement and concrete glands - 0.5 MPa (5 kgf / cm 2);
underground steel - 1.6 MPa (16 kgf / cm 2);
elevated steel - 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / cm 2).
7.2. Testing of pressure pipelines of all classes should be carried out by a construction and installation organization, as a rule, in two stages:
first- a preliminary test for strength and tightness, performed after backfilling the sinuses with soil tamping to half the vertical diameter and powdering of pipes in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-87 with butt joints left open for inspection; this test can be performed without the participation of representatives of the customer and the operating organization with the drawing up of an act approved by the chief engineer of the construction organization;
second-the acceptance (final) test for strength and tightness should be carried out after the pipeline is completely backfilled with the participation of representatives of the customer and the operating organization with the preparation of an act on the test results in the form of mandatory or.
Both stages of the test must be carried out before the installation of hydrants, plungers, safety valves, instead of which flange plugs should be installed during the test. Preliminary testing of pipelines accessible for inspection in working order or subject to immediate backfilling during construction (work in winter, in cramped conditions), with appropriate justification in the projects, may not be carried out.
7.3. Pipelines of underwater crossings are subject to preliminary testing twice: on a slipway or site after welding pipes, but before applying anti-corrosion insulation to welded joints, and again - after laying the pipeline in a trench in the design position, but before backfilling with soil.
The results of preliminary and acceptance tests must be drawn up in an act in the form of a mandatory one.
7.4. Pipelines laid at crossings over railways and highways of categories I and II are subject to preliminary testing after laying the working pipeline in a case (casing) until the annular space of the case cavity is filled and before filling the working and receiving pits of the transition.
7.5. The values of the internal design pressure P P and test pressure P and for carrying out preliminary and acceptance tests of the pressure pipeline for strength must be determined by the project in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84 and indicated in the working documentation.
The value of the test pressure for tightness Р g for both preliminary and acceptance tests of the pressure pipeline must be equal to the value of the internal design pressure Р р plus the value Р, taken in accordance with the upper limit of pressure measurement, accuracy class and pressure gauge scale division. In this case, the value of Р g should not exceed the value of the acceptance test pressure of the pipeline for strength Р and.
7.6* Pipelines made of steel, cast iron, reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes, regardless of the method of testing, should be tested with a length of less than 1 km - at one time; with a greater length - in sections of no more than 1 km. The length of the test sections of these pipelines with the hydraulic method of both tests is allowed to be taken over 1 km, provided that the value of the allowable flow rate of pumped water should be determined as for a section 1 km long.
Pipelines made of HDPE, HDPE and PVC pipes, regardless of the test method, should be tested with a length of no more than 0.5 km at a time, with a longer length - in sections of no more than 0.5 km. With appropriate justification, the project allows testing of these pipelines at one time with a length of up to 1 km, provided that the value of the allowable flow rate of pumped water should be determined as for a section 0.5 km long.
Construction and repair of wells is strictly limited by technology. According to the regulations, the installation process must comply with the standards prescribed in SNiP. The document describes the regulations for placement, size and other characteristics. SNiP sewer wells have their own number and name "External networks and structures".
Requirements for sewer wells
One of the most important quantities in a sewerage installation is the distance between the sewer wells. It directly depends on the size of the pipeline. So for wells with a pipe diameter of up to 15 cm, the step between the wells is 35 meters, and 50 meters for pipes with a diameter of 20 cm. In addition, the installation is performed with the following design features:
- fluctuations in pipe diameter or slope in the structure;
- the presence of additional nodes of the pipeline;
- rotation in the stock system.
The installation of a sewer well made of concrete is regulated by GOST, and communications made of plastic and polymers are installed with reference to specifications.
Structures made of concrete or stone are both prefabricated and monolithic. Filtering installations are made mainly of rubble stone. From polymeric materials for sewer systems are acceptable: polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and dense polyethylene.
Note! Modern communications installed both in private and urban construction combine elements from different materials. Such techniques are not prohibited by building regulations.
Well dimensions
According to SNiP, the device of sewer wells assumes the following ratio of sizes: the length of the pipeline should be approximately 2 times its diameter. So a sewer system with a diameter of 600 mm is regulated by a length of 1000 mm. Particular attention is paid to sewers with a diameter of 1500 mm or more, their depth depends on other features of the structure.
The volume of the correct design is calculated according to the depth of communications according to the plan. Preparations for the installation of a sewer well include the following steps:
- marking the area according to the plan;
- preparation of the territory (removal of vegetation and stones);
- dismantling of buildings and systems that prevent installation (this procedure is prescribed in special standards);
- organization of the point of entry to the facility.
After preparing the work site, they begin to dig a pit. According to SNiP, this stage includes:
- digging a pit;
- bottom cleaning;
- adjusting the depth and angles of the pit according to the plan;
- application of bottom waterproofing according to the plan (standard layer from 200 mm).
When the pit is ready, you can proceed with the installation of a sewer well.
Well installation
The installation of sewer wells and its course directly depends on the material of the structure. Features of the material determine the load on communications and soil.
Stone sewer
Stone construction works include:
After the installation is completed, the system is filled with water, blocking the inlets with temporary valves or plugs. In the absence of a leak, the walls are backfilled, simultaneously making blind areas. Their size should be at least one and a half meters. At the joints with the sewer well, they are treated with a liquid bituminous mixture. When the sealant dries, the structure can be operated.
brick construction
The process of installing a brick well is almost identical to installing a stone structure. The main difference is that the rings are not immersed in the pit, but the brickwork of the well is made.
Waterproofing is carried out in the same way as with stone sewerage. However, in addition to the method of laying the rings, the brick structure has a couple more features:
- a grate hatch is mounted on the storm drain, which also works as a water collector;
- drainage structures do not need special calculations, since they already perform the function of a drainage system.
drop well
Installation of a sewer well with a drop design has much more requirements of SNiP. In addition to mounting the tray, you need:
- install risers;
- acquire facilities for water fighting;
- make a water wall;
- construct a recess (pit).
Mounting rings and other elements is identical to the above construction types.
Note! If you are going to install a standing well, purchase metal pipes in advance. They are mounted in the base to ensure the strength of the rings.
A compensation funnel is installed in differential sewers, it reduces the pressure of fast flows. It is not recommended to install such communications yourself. Structures not installed according to SNiP are easily destroyed by pressure.
Installation of a differential system is carried out in the following situations:
- need to control wastewater flows;
- the intended installation site coincides with other communications;
- a deep location of the system is required;
- if the well is closing and is installed before the discharge of water into the reservoir.
In the above situations, sewers with a differential structure are also installed in a suburban area.
Installation of inlets of well systems
The scheme for installing the entrance structures of sewer wells depends on the type of terrain and soil. On dry soils, it is much easier to install communications; in such areas it is recommended to use cement and asbestos-cement mixtures. On wet soils, thorough waterproofing is necessary.
Note! Inlets are installed in areas with stable soil.
On the territory with moving soil, the installation of flexible connections with pipe protection with plastic materials is regulated. According to specifications, a metal sleeve can be installed on the hatch, and the waterproofing can be mounted inside.
Polymer systems
Sewer structures made of traditional materials have been replaced by plastic and polymer systems. They are actively used in communications in private buildings and small industries. Sewerage from such materials is regulated only by technical specifications.
Polymer constructions are characterized by easy installation and high performance. In addition, plastic systems are less bulky than concrete structures. So a concrete sewer with a diameter of 100 cm is replaced by a half-meter installation without loss of functionality.
In addition to ease of installation, these structures have the following advantages:
- small expenses for digging pits: for plastic structures, smaller ditches are needed;
- polymer pipes are compatible with any systems, including concrete ones;
- all parts of the structure have strictly specified parameters and dimensions, so all sewer parts can be purchased as a set at a time.
A typical sewer system project includes a hatch. When working with polymeric communications, special attention is paid to his choice. It should coincide with the inlet of the structure and not interfere with the collection of water.
Outcome
Many novice builders do not know what distance from one sewer well to another is acceptable for polymer systems. This value directly depends on the diameter of the pipe. So, with a value of 11 cm, the distance between the sewers can be from 15 to 20 m. For pipes with a diameter of 15 cm, the step between the structures is 35 meters.
If you need to install many wells in one area, it is cheaper to use polymer communications. They are easy to install and maintain.
Seasonal life in the country or permanent residence in the private sector involves work on the land in one volume or another. Green spaces require water, even a grassy lawn with watering will look much nicer than rare islands of withered grass, and it is impossible to solve everyday household problems without water. There are two ways to solve the problem of irrigation or water supply:
- connect to the central water supply, if any;
- either dig a well or drill a well.
Central water supply is a priority for cities and urban-type settlements, but what to do if this is not possible. In this case, the way out is to dig a well, or drill a well. Today we consider the types of wells, as well as the general rules for their construction and equipment.
Even from the school curriculum, we know about the water cycle in nature. Water has the ability not only to circulate in the soil, but also to accumulate in certain layers of the earth, where clay or basalt deposits create a natural shield for further movement of moisture. This shield has its own name - a water-resistant horizon. From the depth of its formation and accumulation of moisture, there is the following division, which has practical significance:
- Verkhvodnaya - in this case, the water actually lies in the soil no lower than 4 meters from the surface of the earth;
- Subsoil - the depth of finding is not more than 10 meters;
- Ground - up to 40 meters;
- Artesian - more than 40 meters.
For your information! In some cases, artesian water is at a depth of hundreds of meters.
General requirements for wells
A little later, the varieties of wells and the features of their construction will be disassembled, but there are general rules both for choosing a construction site and for the rules for operating and maintaining these structures. Here they are:
- Wells are built at a sufficient distance from outdoor toilets, cesspools, and sewer pipes;
- It is desirable to build wells on a hill, to prevent the ingress of atmospheric moisture and other possible pollution;
- Construction work is carried out in the summer, best of all in July-August, when the level of groundwater is the lowest;
- The use of water for domestic needs is possible only after laboratory tests, with mandatory microbiological testing;
- Regardless of the type of well, an earthen castle is built near it to a depth of at least 3 meters, the width of this castle, as well as the depth of the cushion of crushed stone and gravel that lines the bottom of the structure, is 25 centimeters;
- Cleaning the well involves checking for gas contamination of the mine or shaft. This is done as follows: a burning candle falls inward, if the flame burns evenly - everything is fine, there is no gas. Otherwise, the gas is burned out either by burning torches or bundles of lit straw;
- Disinfection of a mine or shaft, as well as water of dubious quality, is carried out once a quarter, in the summer it can be carried out monthly with 2-3% of a clarified chlorine solution, with an exposure of 24 hours. Consumption - a bucket of solution per cube of water.
Types of structures and possible materials
The equipment of places where water accumulates involves several construction techniques, as well as the use of all kinds of materials available in a particular region, as well as at a price. Types of wells:
- Ascending structures are key;
- Downstream counterparts are key;
- Mine wells;
- Pipe wells.
By type of materials used. Apply:
- Clay, crushed stone, sand and pebbles- these natural materials are used to form castles and lining the bottom of the structure;
Our Help! When using pumps to supply water to a house, bathhouse, or other structure, these components can be used to fill a coarse water filter, except for clay, of course.
- Wood. Here, a rounded log of at least 12 cm in diameter is used, while oak, larch will be the optimal species for contact with water, but cheap conifers are quite suitable for laying an external non-contact superstructure;
- Stone, brick, reinforced concrete structures, the latter, as a rule, are tubular in nature to form the trunk of the structure.
For your information! When drilling a well to obtain artesian water, in most cases, you will not need anything other than steel pipes, but here the technology involves special machines and equipment, and pricing goes for each meter of land passed, though everything is invested in the price per meter - both the cost of work and the price of material .
Rising type of spring water
In this case, it is assumed that there is a key whose strength is sufficient to fill the tank. In this case, the general rules for the construction of such a well are as follows:
- The trunk is formed from any material;
- The space between the trunk and the ground is filled with clay - a castle is formed;
- The bottom of the structure is lined with a cushion of gravel and rubble;
- If the source fills the entire tank, then a special chute is provided to drain excess water, which is equipped with a fine mesh from the inside to avoid debris and the penetration of animals and insects;
- The top of the structure, called the head, is completed with a special cover.
Downstream analog
It is assumed that the source itself is not too deep and its strength is not enough to raise the water to a sufficient height. Unlike the previous structure, there are two features:
- First Feature- before entering the well shaft, a sump is formed, which is separated from the main shaft by a partition;
- Second feature- the bottom of the shaft is lined with the same material as the shaft. If it's a wooden shaft, then it's a tree, if it's a stone structure, then it's a stone.
Mines for water
These structures have several basic components that are present regardless of what material the well itself is built from. These include:
- Head - the outer part of the well, which is equipped with a protective cover, formwork (30-40 cm wider than the lock diameter), as well as a bucket lowering system, a canopy;
- Shaft - a part of the mine that can temporarily come into contact with water;
- Water intake - up to 2 meters deep - this part of the mine has constant contact with water and is formed by materials with increased water resistance;
- Zumpf - this block can be called emergency, it is designed to receive water when it comes "intermittently".
Features when using different materials for construction:
- Wood - in this case, there are several features of laying the material:
- The formation of a well resembles the construction of a house from logs, the same dowels, the same techniques for forming corners “in the paw” or “in the corner”, the same check of the laying level with a plumb line;
- Caulking is not used - it quickly rots and spoils the quality of water, protection against moisture infiltration from the ground is provided by a clay castle;
For your information! There is one feature that is very difficult to implement without skills. To avoid distortion of the structure, it is recommended that every 5th or 6th row be laid with logs 20 cm longer than usual. A pit for a log house is dug wider than the protruding log parts. The difficulty lies in the fact that when lowering the log house, it can be led to prevent this from happening, the logs are fixed with temporary brackets.
- Reinforced concrete rings. It is not difficult to recruit the body of the structure with them, the installed ring is leveled, then they dig under it and install 4 identical supports and the earth is completely removed until the ring sits evenly on the supports. Rings are lowered lower in a lowering way.
- Structures made of stone and brick. The technique of their laying is very similar, while the thickness of the layer depends on the depth of the structure and can be from 25 to 40 cm. The nuances here are as follows:
- In addition to laying the walls, three frames are being prepared, which will play the role of a frame. For greater similarity, they are fastened to each other using metal rods with nuts, 6 from the bottom to the intermediate and from the top to the intermediate. As a result, we have 6 holes in the upper and lower structures and 12 in the intermediate;
- Bricklaying takes place in a circle, for which a pattern of the required size is prepared, you can use plywood for its manufacture;
- Each 4-5 layer is reinforced with metal wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm.
Finally
Wells can be equipped with filters and pumps for supplying water to the house, but in this case you will have to worry about additional insulation, especially at the head.
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Regulatory documents are very difficult to master, especially for non-professionals. To understand all the requirements for engineering networks, you need to spend a lot of time processing a large amount of material. It is also quite problematic to find exactly the information you need on the web: often the search results turn out to be completely different from what they should be.
This article will describe all the information that relates to sewer systems, the main types of sewer wells, their parameters and requirements for structures will be considered.
Sewer systems of private houses
In the arrangement of suburban areas, autonomous sewage systems are often used, which are distinguished by the presence of a large number of positive qualities. Some systems turn out to be more economical than using a central collector, while others turn out to be the only possible solution to the problem of sewerage.For the normal functioning of the external sewage system and the provision of quality service, the design of the system must be arranged in accordance with the norms and rules displayed in the relevant documents.
The installation scheme of the sewer system and its operation largely depend on factors, which include:
- topographic indicators of the selected territory;
- types of soils located on the site;
- the presence of water sources near the site;
- layout of engineering underground networks that are already present on the territory.
It is much more difficult to arrange a sewer system on a site with a difficult terrain, or on which there is a source of drinking water. In this case, the sewage system must comply with the sanitary requirements that apply to septic tanks or waste storage tanks. In addition, the design of the system can be complicated by connecting a drainage system and storm drainage to it. See also: "".
This design consists of several separate pipelines, so a large number of wells will be required for its operation. To ensure the operability of the system, you need to either contact the specialists, or carefully study all the nuances associated with the requirements for sewage.
Types of sewer wells
The main document that determines the design features of sewer elements and the distance between sewer wells is SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document contains a large number of requirements, but there is no need for owners of private houses to study them all - it is enough to deal with the problem of local drainage (read also: ""). The main thing you need to know is that any sewer system requires intermediate wells, and they will be installed depending on various factors.Distance between manholes according to SNiP
Manholes should be installed in such situations:- in the presence of an extended pipeline running in a straight line;
- if there are turns or bends in the pipeline, as well as when the diameter of the pipes changes;
- in the presence of branches of the structure.
Determines the distance between the SNiP sewer wells, and according to it, the following rules must be followed:
- with a pipe diameter of 150 mm, wells are installed every 35 meters;
- 200-450 mm - 50 m;
- 500-600 mm - 75 m.
As a rule, when arranging private sewer systems, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used. When using them, the distance between the sewer wells is defined by SNiP as 15 m. In the event that the sewer does not have bends, branches, and the diameter of the pipeline does not change throughout its length, then the distance can be increased to 50 m.
Rotary wells for sewerage
This type of wells is absolutely identical to inspection wells in its purpose and design, with the only difference that rotary wells are mounted in places where the direction of the pipeline changes. Sharp bends with large angles of rotation are usually the areas most likely to become clogged, so they need to be given special attention. It is this function that rotary wells perform.
The distance between the rotary sewer wells is usually calculated based on the length of the straight sections between the bends of the pipeline. If the pipeline section is longer than specified by the regulatory document, then it must be equipped with inspection wells to ensure a sufficient level of control over the operation of the system.
Drop wells
Installation of sewerage on a site with difficult terrain is a rather troublesome business. If the territory has a noticeable slope, then the slope of the pipeline will also be appropriate, which is absolutely impossible to allow: wastewater moving at high speed will gradually settle on the walls of the sewer system, thereby clogging it and rendering it unusable.Regulatory documents in this case speak of the need to install differential wells, which are installed in steps and compensate for the high speed of waste transportation, saving the structure from blockages (more: "").
- firstly, the height of one drop must be less than three meters;
- secondly, with drops up to 0.5 m deep (when using pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm), drop wells can be replaced by inspection wells using drains.
Other regulations
In addition to the standards described above, which are often a problem for owners of private plots due to their inaccessibility, there are others that must also be followed in order to avoid problems with the functioning of the sewer in the future. For example, the minimum distance from the sewer well to the building should be 3 m, and the maximum - 12 m, regardless of the type of well used. The distance from the house to the sewer well is a rather important indicator that must be observed. It is important to consider the distance from the cesspool to the well. In addition, it is important to always remember the existence of sanitary standards that determine the removal of elements of sewer systems from reservoirs, water sources, vegetable gardens and orchards.Conclusion
Installing a sewer system on your own site is not a big problem. All installation work related to laying pipelines and arranging sewer facilities is quite simple, and any homeowner can perform them (read also: ""). About all types of work, you can find other articles on this site, and then everything will become very clear.