Mineral fertilizers (tuks) are the source of plant nutrition and soil fertility. They are used not only by summer residents and gardeners, but also by owners of farmland to obtain a rich harvest, enrich the soil and feed plants. In this article we will talk about the types, composition and methods of applying mineral fertilizers.

Types, composition, application of mineral fertilizers

Depending on their composition, mineral fertilizers are divided into two main types: simple and complex. Simple ones contain only one component, while complex ones have 2 or more. In terms of efficiency, complex fertilizers have an advantage over simple ones. Their advantage is associated not only with the characteristics of different acidity and the presence of substances in the soil, but also with the ease and simplicity of application (it is not necessary to independently determine the characteristics of the soil).

Simple fertilizers (single-sided)

Simple (another name is one-sided) fertilizers contain one nutrient.

Urea (urea)

• the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen. Low hygroscopic, soluble in water. It is used when embedding into the soil and for non-root top dressing. With surface application, nitrogen losses reach 20%. Acidifies the soil. Urea cannot be mixed with lime, superphosphate.

Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate)

• contains 34-35% nitrogen in ammonium and nitrate forms. It is hygroscopic, dissolves well in water, acidifies the soil, therefore it is applied on limed soils. It can be mixed with potassium salts and before being applied with superphosphate, it is not mixed with lime and manure.

Ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulphate)

• contains 20% nitrogen, is highly soluble in water, strongly acidifies the soil, therefore, it is applied on limed soils or in combination (not in a mixture) with lime or phosphate rock. Ammonium sulfate is well retained in the soil, unlike other nitrogen fertilizers, it is most effective when the soil is strongly moistened.

sodium nitrate

• contains 16% nitrogen, alkaline fertilizer, used on acidic, non-calcified soils. Easily soluble in water. It is possible to mix with superphosphate and fertilizers only before entering into the soil.

Calcium nitrate (calcium nitrate, calcium nitrate)

• contains 15% nitrogen, alkalizes the soil. It is very hygroscopic, so store it in a package in a dry place. Highly soluble in water; do not mix with superphosphate.

Nitrogen

• it moves well in the soil in depth and along the radius from the point of application to 40 cm. Nitrogen enters plants in the form of nitrates and ammonia. Soil acidity plays a major role in the assimilation of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen by plants. Ammonia (urea, ammonium sulfate) is the best source of nitrogen in neutral soils, and nitrates (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate) in acidic soils. Without the application of nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen in the soil is rarely sufficient.

Ammonia

• reduces the intake of potassium into the plant and increases the intake of phosphorus, therefore, with the systematic application of fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulfate, it is necessary to apply a sufficient amount of potassium fertilizers. Excess nitrogen is harmful not only to plants: being washed out of the soil, it penetrates into groundwater, polluting them.

Superphosphate powder

• contains plant-assimilable phosphorus oxide 20%, water-soluble. It does not acidify the soil, quickly binds to the soil and slowly turns into an inaccessible form. Suitable for all soils, it works better on acidic soils after liming. Superphosphate can be mixed with nitrogen and potash fertilizers only before being applied to the soil; they are not mixed with lime.

Superphosphate granulated

• contains phosphorus oxide up to 22%, binds to the soil less quickly than powder.

Double superphosphate (granular)

• contains 42-49% soluble phosphorus oxide.

Phosphorite flour

• crushed natural phosphorites, contains 14-30% soluble phosphorus oxide. Does not dissolve in water. Weakens acidity, effective on acidic soils, it is not used on carbonate soils. It is not mixed with lime and manure, it is mixed with other fertilizers only before being applied to the soil. They are brought in for autumn digging, the efficiency increases with simultaneous application with potash fertilizers. Used for composting.
• With the systematic introduction of high doses of phosphate fertilizers, the need for microfertilizers increases. Phosphorus moves poorly in the soil, so it can accumulate over time. In this regard, the introduction of phosphorus fertilizers can be periodically (not every year) in high doses.

Potassium chloride

• the main concentrated potash fertilizer containing 53-60% potassium oxide. It is low hygroscopic, contains chlorine, which, when applied in autumn, is washed out into the deep layers and does not harm plants. Leaching of chlorine occurs in conjunction with calcium, the loss of calcium in the soil can be compensated by the introduction of superphosphate.

Potassium salt

• a mixture of potassium chloride with sylvinite and kainite is similar in properties to potassium chloride, but contains more chlorine and sodium. Digestible potassium oxide is 40%.
• Chlorine-containing fertilizers should not be used for raspberries, currants, strawberries, gooseberries, as these crops are sensitive to chlorine and high doses of it in the soil reduce productivity.

Potassium carbonate (potash)

• contains 55-60% potassium oxide, does not contain chlorine, a good source of potassium for plants sensitive to chlorine. Apply on acidic soil types.

Potassium-magnesium concentrate (kalimag)

• contains 19% potassium oxide and 9% magnesium, non-hygroscopic, non-caking. Recommended for light soils.

Potassium-magnesium sulfate (potassium magnesia)

• chlorine-free fertilizer, contains 30% potassium oxide and 10% magnesium oxide, recommended for use on light soils poor in magnesium.

Potassium saltpeter

• does not contain chlorine, it contains 44% potassium oxide and 14% nitrogen, it is recommended for application in the spring due to the content of easily soluble nitrogen.

Dolomite flour

• contains 20% magnesium and 28% potassium, applied primarily on light soils as a magnesium fertilizer and as a calcareous material.

Magnesium sulfate

• contains 16% magnesium, it is highly soluble in water, it passes into the exchange state in the soil. Good results are obtained by spraying after flowering trees 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days with a 1-2% solution of magnesium sulfate (200-250g / 10l of water).

Complex fertilizers (multilateral)

Complex fertilizers are called fertilizers containing 2 or 3 main nutrients. They may also include manganese, magnesium and trace elements. They are divided into double (phosphorus-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-potassium) and triple nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium.

Compound

Fertilizer	Approximate nitrogen content,%	Approximate phosphorus content,%	Approximate potassium content,%
Ammophos	10-12	40-50	—
Diammophos	19	49	—
Nitroammophos	16-25	20-24	—
Nitroammophoska	14-16	14-16	16-18
Nitrophos	24	14-17	—
Nitrophoska	11-17	9-17	10-17
Carboammophos	19-32	16-29	—
Carboammophoska	14-24	12-21	10-17

The labels accompanying each package of fertilizers indicate the content of the elements in them. Fertilizers that do not contain potassium (ammophos, diammophos, etc.) are used on soils rich in potassium. They are characterized by high solubility of the phosphorus component. Three-component fertilizers contain all three nutrients in different ratios.

For example, in nitrophoska, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be as follows:

• 1:1:1;
• 1:1,5:1;
• 1:1,5:1,5;
• 1:2:1, etc.

In their effect, these fertilizers can be superior to mixtures of simple fertilizers.

Fertilizer mixtures are produced by the industry for fertilizing the soil in gardens. Mixtures are prepared from different forms of mineral fertilizers with different compositions of the main nutrients and the addition of microelements. Mixtures of three grades are produced depending on the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in them:

• garden - 1: 1.6: 1.5;
• fruit and berry - 1:1.6:1.25;
• flower - 1:1.5:1.

Such fertilizers are used in the spring and summer.

It should be noted that detailed instructions are attached for all fertilizers, but we will emphasize the general rules that are important to follow when working.

• Do not dilute fertilizers in dishes that are used for cooking.
• It is most safe to store fertilizers in vacuum packaging, which will further increase the shelf life.
• If the fertilizers are caked, grind them before applying, passing through a 3-5 mm sieve.
• When applying, do not exceed the manufacturer's recommended dosage.
• If top dressing is carried out through the soil, the solution should not fall on the vegetative mass of the fertilized crop. Alternatively, spray the plants with water after feeding.
• Fertilizers in dry form, as well as nitrogen-containing and potash fertilizers, should be immediately embedded in the topsoil. Not very deep so that they are available to the root system.
• Wet the beds before applying mineral fertilizers to the soil. This will soften the concentrate.
• For best results, apply phosphorus and potash fertilizers to nitrogen-depleted soil only in combination with this element.
• For clay soil, increase the amount of fertilizer applied. From phosphorus, we recommend superphosphate.
• For sandy - reduce the amount of fertilizer, but increase the amount of top dressing. Any phosphate fertilizer is better suited.
• In central Russia, abundant in precipitation, apply 30% of the main fertilizer in the process of sowing seeds or planting seedlings in the soil in planting holes and grooves. To prevent root burns, mix well with soil.
• To increase soil fertility, alternate mineral and organic top dressings.
• If the plants in the beds have grown too large, use foliar top dressing (for foliage). In fruit and berry plants, spend it in spring on young, formed foliage.
• Carry out root dressing with potash fertilizers in the fall, planting them to a depth of 8-10 cm.
• If you apply as the main mineral fertilizers, scatter them on the ground with subsequent embedding in the soil.
• The most effective way is to apply mineral and organic fertilizers together. At the same time, reduce the dose of mineral by 30%.
• The most practical of fertilizers are granular. They are brought in for autumn digging.

Interesting on the topic

have a high concentration of nutrients. The composition of mineral fertilizers can be different, and depending on the desired nutrient, it is divided into complex and simple.

Important! Fertilizers should be applied in small quantities, while monitoring the level of nutrients in the soil. In this case, there will be no harm from their chemical composition.

Today, the chemical industry produces mineral fertilizers of the following types:

• liquid,
• dry,
• unilateral,
• complex.

If you choose the right preparation and adhere to the right proportions, you can not only feed the plants, but also solve the problems that have arisen in their development.

Many gardeners and gardeners know what mineral fertilizers are. These include compounds of inorganic nature, containing all the nutrients necessary for plants. Such top dressing and fertilizers will help to achieve soil fertility and grow a good harvest. Liquid mineral fertilizers have become popular today, which are mainly used in small garden and garden plots. There is also a complete mineral fertilizer, which includes three important nutrients for plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. But it is worth remembering that the use of mineral fertilizers requires a careful approach, although organic matter (if the doses for application are incorrectly calculated) can cause a lot of harm to the earth and plants. Therefore, let's take a closer look at the features of mineral fertilizers, their types and characteristics, and also find out how to use them correctly.

Types of mineral fertilizers

As we have already noted, mineral fertilizers are divided into: nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. This is due to the fact that these three elements are leading in the field of nutrition and affect the growth and development of plants. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the basis, from which mineral fertilizers are made. They are considered the basis for the harmonious development of the plant world, and their lack can lead not only to poor growth, but also to the death of plants.

In the spring, there may be a lack of nitrogen in the soil. This is manifested in the fact that plants slow down or even stop growing. This problem can be recognized by pale foliage, small leaves, and weak shoots. Tomatoes, potatoes, garden strawberries and apple trees actively respond to a lack of nitrogen in the soil. The most popular nitrogen fertilizers are saltpeter and urea. This group includes: calcium sulfur, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, azofoka, ammophos, nitroammophoska and diammonium phosphate. They have various effects on crop and soil. Urea acidifies the soil, saltpeter - has a good effect on the growth of beets, ammonia - on the growth of cucumbers, onions, lettuce and cauliflower.

Did you know? When using ammonium nitrate, be aware of its explosiveness. Because of this, it is not sold to private individuals to prevent accidents.

It should be remembered that nitrogen fertilizers are the most dangerous of all mineral fertilizers. With their excess, plants accumulate an excessive amount of nitrates in their tissues. But if you apply nitrogen fertilizers very carefully, depending on the composition of the soil, the crop being fed and the brand of fertilizer, then you can easily achieve an increase in yield. Also, do not apply these fertilizers in the fall, as the rains will simply wash it out before spring planting. Fertilizer application rates (urea): vegetables -5-12 g/m² (with direct application of mineral fertilizers), trees and shrubs -10-20 g/m², tomatoes and beets -20 g/m².

Phosphorus fertilizers are mineral plant nutrition, which contains 20% phosphoric anhydride in its composition. Superphosphate is considered one of the best mineral fertilizers for all soil types that need this element. It should be applied as a top dressing during the development and growth of plants with a high moisture content in the soil.

Did you know? Often gardeners and gardeners use double superphosphate in which the concentration of nutrients is much higher. It does not contain the useless CaSO4 used in simple superphosphate and is more economical.

Another type of mineral fertilizer in this category is phosphorite flour. It is used on acidic soils for all fruit and vegetable and cereal crops. Flour helps in the fight against pests and diseases by increasing the immunity of plants. Fertilizer application rates: superphosphate 0.5 centners per 1 hectare, 3.5 centners per 1 hectare.

Apply potash mineral fertilizers in the fall, during digging. This fertilizer is well suited for potatoes, beets and all cereals. Potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate is suitable for feeding plants that are deficient in potassium. It does not contain various impurities such as chlorine, sodium and magnesium. Suitable for melons, especially during fruit formation.

Potassium salt consists of two chloride elements -KCl + NaCl. The substance is used in many agro-industrial complexes. It is introduced in the spring for almost all types of berry crops, 20 g per bush. In autumn, the fertilizer is distributed over the surface before plowing 150-200 g/m². Fertilizer application rates: potassium chloride 20-25 g per 1 m²; potassium sulfate -25-30 g/m²

Complex

Complex fertilizers are a nutrient containing several necessary chemical elements at once. They are obtained through the process of chemical interaction of the initial components, as a result of which they can be double (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potassium) and triple (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). According to the method of production, they distinguish: complex mineral fertilizers, complex-mixed or combined and mixed.

• Ammophos is a phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer that contains nitrogen and phosphorus (ratio 12:52). This mineral fertilizer is easily absorbed by plants, suitable for potatoes and all vegetable crops.
• Diammofom is a phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer containing 20% ​​nitrogen and 51% phosphorus. It dissolves well in water and does not contain extra ballast elements.
• Azofoska is a granular effective fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Provides high yields, is non-toxic and can be stored for a long period.
• Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is a complex fertilizer in granules. It is used for all crops, as its nutrients are easily absorbed by plants. Suitable as a complex fertilizer when digging in the spring.

Many agricultural complexes use complex mineral fertilizers to achieve the best result.

Complex-mixed fertilizers include compounds such as nitrophos and nitrophos. They are obtained by processing phosphorite or apatite. By adding various necessary components, carbonate nitrophoska and phosphorus nitrophoska are formed. They are applied as the main fertilizer before sowing, in rows and holes during sowing, often used as top dressing. Carboammophos - fertilizers containing nitrogen in amide and ammonia forms. Kristalin and solute are used for protected ground. These are crystalline granular fertilizers that dissolve well in water. The most common fertilizer ratio -N:P:K is 20:16:10. Complex-mixed complexes are used at large agricultural enterprises, where it is necessary to cover large areas before planting crops.

Microfertilizers are top dressings and complexes containing trace elements in a form accessible to plants. Often these substances can be found in the form of: liquid mineral fertilizer, crystals, powder. For convenient use, microfertilizers are produced in the form of complexes, with various microelements. They have a better effect on the cultivated plant, protect against pests and diseases, and increase productivity.

The most popular fertilizers are:

• "Master" - is used as a mineral fertilizer for flowers. Contains: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe.
• "Sizam" - suitable for growing cabbage. Significantly increases productivity and protects against pests.
• "Oracle" - for feeding berry bushes, flowers and lawns. Contains etidronic acid, which regulates the movement of fluid in plant cells.

Basically, microfertilizers are used separately, which allows you to accurately calculate the dosage. In this case, the plants will receive the necessary nutrition, without additional and unnecessary chemicals.

It must be understood that mineral fertilizers are used in two main cases: as the main fertilizer (for digging the soil) and as a spring-summer top dressing. Each option has its own nuances, but there are also basic principles that must not be violated.

Safety rules:

• do not use cooking utensils to dilute fertilizers;
• store fertilizers, best of all, in hermetic packaging;
• immediately before use, after long-term storage, a situation may arise in which the fertilizers are caked, so it is necessary to pass it through a sieve with a diameter of 3-5 mm;
• when fertilizing the soil for a particular crop, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the requirements and recommendations of the manufacturer, since an excess of the amount of mineral fertilizers in the soil can lead to detrimental consequences;
• it is best to apply the method of laboratory research of the soil, based on the results of which it will be possible to use the appropriate fertilizer in the required amount;
• you need to make sure that the mineral fertilizer for plants, which is produced through the soil, does not get on the green part;
• better soil fertility can be achieved by alternating mineral fertilizers;
• if mineral fertilizers are applied together with organic fertilizers, the dose of the former should be reduced;
• the most practical are granular fertilizers, which are applied for autumn digging.

Thus, the correct use of mineral fertilizers and compliance with safety precautions will help to saturate the soil with the necessary microelements, which will contribute to the normal growth and development of plants.

Proper and timely soil treatment with high-quality fertilizers is the basis for obtaining healthy plants and a bountiful harvest, any agricultural technician can confirm this. The question of choosing dressings torments gardeners and gardeners around the world. Organic and mineral fertilizers are presented on the market in an assortment produced by various companies, in a wide price range. It is important to make an informed decision.

organic fertilizers

Many adherents of this type of top dressing consider them the only acceptable and natural, without chemistry. Organic matter has a positive effect on the composition of the soil, improves development and increases yield. However, all types of organic dressings, after being introduced into the soil, break down into the same elements as mineral ones. The main difference is that the decay process occurs evenly, while mineral preparations contain ready-made elements.

Manure. It is considered the most valuable organic compound. Settled manure (from 5 months to 3 years) is used to enrich all types of soils. The mixture is applied when digging the earth 6–9 kg per 1 sq. meter.

After making manure, some crops can be planted only the next year (tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, etc.).

A mixture of manure and water is used for all types of garden, horticultural and indoor plants.

Peat. Increases looseness and airiness of the soil, but does not have enough useful elements. Usually, various mineral components are added to peat to improve its properties. You can collect peat yourself in the swamps. Peat is brought in, as a rule, in the fall.

Bird droppings. It has a nutrient-rich composition, but use it carefully. Excess litter can cause nitrate accumulation in the fruit. Average rate of use: 500 gr. raw fertilizer and 200 gr. dry per 1 sq. soil meter. The rate of application depends on the type of bird.

Compost. It usually consists of a mixture of fallen leaves, sawdust, peat, etc. To enrich the compost with nutrients, various mineral additives are often added.

Bone flour. An excellent source of calcium and phosphorus. It is brought directly into the ground. An aqueous solution is used for monthly plant nutrition. For 5 liters of boiling water, 250 gr. bone meal, a week later the solution must be filtered. Dilute the prepared solution with water in a ratio of 1:5 and water the plants under the root.

Now in flower shops there are special organic fertilizers for sale concentrated, in liquid form, odorless. Such bottles can be safely used at home, for potted flowers. The solution is diluted with water according to the recommendations on the package.

The main types of mineral fertilizers

The most common mineral constituents are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in varying proportions. In the spring, at the beginning of growth, the formation of shoots and stems, and before the appearance of the first flower buds, nitrogen is needed. Next comes an increased intake of phosphorus and potassium is needed in preparation for frost.

Nitrogen. Needed to improve the fertility of all types of soils. Nitrogen is consumed by all types of horticultural crops, trees and shrubs, as well as indoor flowers. The rate of nitrogen fertilization depends on the type of soil and plant. With a sufficient content of other mineral elements in the soil, the productivity of nitrogen compounds increases.

In the absence of nitrogen in plants, growth slows down, leaves turn pale and turn yellow.

Phosphoric. Improve fruit quality and overall yield. Especially important for fruit, grain, berry and most vegetable plants. With a lack of phosphorus, the plants acquire a bluish-pink or brown-green hue, the process of fruit formation worsens and slows down. The method of application and dosage depends on the type of phosphate fertilizer (phosphates, superphosphates, phosphate flour, etc.).

Potash. They nourish plants, help to synthesize various substances, increase frost resistance, resistance to diseases. All potash fertilizers are soluble in water. The type and amount of top dressing depends on the type of soil.

Complex mineral fertilizers. A common type of top dressing contains two or more components. High content of nutrients. Various complex preparations have a different ratio of nutrients. It is necessary to select top dressing based on the type of crops and soil. These types of fertilizers often have a list of horticultural or indoor crops on the packaging for which they are most suitable.

Organo-mineral fertilizers

The introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers together significantly enhances their overall effectiveness. The soil becomes loose, airy, the amount of nutrients and humus increases, the quality increases and the fruiting of plant crops increases. It is applied to all types of soils and plants at sowing and as root fertilizer. In liquid form, it is used for foliar feeding.

Often, mineral supplements supplement the lack of nutritional components in organic ones. Organo-mineral compounds are obtained by physico-chemical combination of elements. Such balanced formulations are available in liquid and powder form, in capsules, granules.

Complex organo-mineral compounds can be formed in the natural environment, for example, sapropel. Fertilizer is formed at the bottom of reservoirs, and consists of organic matter (remains of plants and animals) and mineral components.

Top dressing is an indispensable source of nutrition for every plant in the open field, greenhouse or flower pot. Proper application of organic and mineral fertilizers will nourish the plants and will be the key to a generous harvest. Before applying any type of top dressing, you must carefully study the instructions and packaging. It should be remembered that an excess of certain types of fertilizers can harm plants.

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Article content

Modern agriculture actively uses all the developments of the chemical industry to achieve good harvests. Fertilizers (litter, ash) were used by the first land farmers, and today there are various fertilizer compositions for fields, orchards and orchards of different soils and all kinds of climatic conditions.

In agriculture, simple and complex fertilizers are isolated. Simple ones contain 1 active element, and multi-component additives are called complex.

Complex additives are divided into:

1. By composition - double (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus), triple (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium).
2. According to the mixing method - complex, mixed and combined (complex mixed).

Complex fertilizers are liquid and solid fertilizers, including a mineral complex. The main properties of complex fertilizers are distinguished:

• a chemical compound includes 2 or 3 elements;
• consists of identical granules and molecules;
• produced by processing the primary component or less complex fertilizers;
• have low or high hygroscopicity;
• well or poorly soluble in water.

Such fertilizers are, in fact, salts, in which the proportion of the content of elements depends on the needs of a particular plant and is regulated by mixing with simple fertilizers.

If potassium nitrate consists of 46% potassium, 13% nitrogen, then nitrogen or any phosphorus must be added to their composition.

The dose that must be applied to the soil for top dressing depends on the concentration of the main component. The more it is, the less it needs to be applied. When complex fertilizers are applied, the components are evenly distributed in the soil and reduce costs by 15%.

Types of complex fertilizers and their composition

Compound fertilizer usually includes 4 main components in different combinations: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. And they differ in the ratio and type of bonds on which hygroscopicity and water solubility depend. Why is it necessary to use these components in the soil?

Nitrogen. This substance is important for the absorption of sunlight and energy through photosynthesis. Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll involved in this process, as well as nitrogen is a constituent of lipoids, alkaloids and other substances important for plants. Nitrogen - for rapid growth.

Phosphorus. One of the 3 most essential components for plants. Phosphorus controls metabolic processes inside plants, is a source of energy for cells. This element is included in the structure of RNA and DNA, which are responsible for the transfer of genetic information. Thanks to phosphorus, the proper development of the plant, growth, fruiting occurs. The lack of phosphorus leads to the cessation of growth and development of the seed chambers - the plant does not bear fruit, changes color, shape, leaves begin to die. An acute shortage can even lead to the death of the roots, including those of trees, until they fall.

Potassium. The organic composition of the soil does not contain potassium, although it is necessary for the yield and endurance of plants, which is why it is used as a fertilizer. Increased resistance of plants to drought, low temperatures. Potassium affects the growth and formation of fruits. A lack of potassium leads to darkening of the leaves, lethargy and weakness of the buds and inflorescences. More than others, sunflower, buckwheat, beets, potatoes, wheat and other grains need fertilizers rich in potassium.

Magnesium. This element, like nitrogen, is included in the structure of chlorophyll and carries out the main organic processes of the plant. Magnesium also facilitates the absorption of phosphorus. Magnesium carries out carbohydrate metabolism in tubers, roots, seeds, fruits. With a lack of magnesium, wilting and dying off of unripe fruits can be observed.

The combination and use of the main components for soil in fertilizers:

• Ammophos. It consists of nitrogen with phosphorus, which are highly soluble in water, such are its properties. It is applied when sowing all types of crops and as top dressing for vegetable, field and other crops.
• Diammophos. Also contains nitrogen and phosphorus. It is used as ammophos, and in animal husbandry as a feed additive.
• Diammofoska. In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is also present. Shows good properties on all types of soils and crops.
• Magnesium ammonium phosphate. Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus. The drug is poorly soluble in water. Applicable to all cultures, large doses are possible, harmless. Effective in sandy lands, for potatoes, root crops with abundant watering.
• Nitrofos or nitrophoska. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Slightly soluble in water. Ineffective as an ordinary top dressing.
• Nitroammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. It dissolves quite well. Valuable general purpose supplement.
• Sulfoammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The additive is actively used.
• Potassium nitrate. A popular nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Gives effective nourishment to plants. Found in natural form. It is applicable in vegetable growing and in cultivation of the cultures sensitive to the content of chlorine.
• ammonium metaphosphate. Also includes phosphorus, nitrogen. It is introduced as the main effective fertilizer for acidic soil.
• Carboamophos and carboamophoska. High saturation with nitrogen and phosphorus. Due to the gaseous combination of nitrogen, nitrogen loss is possible, therefore a quick turning into the soil is necessary.
• Superfoska. The combination of phosphorus and potassium. Can be a basic fertilizer.
• potassium metaphosphate. Phosphorus, potassium in it are highly soluble in the soil. Good physical performance and application.

For high yields and proper development, plants require air, light, heat, water, as well as nutrients. The creation of these conditions in the field or garden guarantees success in growing crops and high yields. The soil that accepts the seed of a plant cannot provide it with all the necessary substances in the right amount, so the use of fertilizers is necessary.

Complex fertilizers solve the problem of mutual digestibility of various elements, increase the useful properties of the components, reduce consumption and labor costs for tillage.