- a chronic disease in which partial replacement of transitional epithelial cells lining the bladder occurs with squamous epithelial cells. The affected areas become covered with horny scales, and the walls of the bladder can no longer protect themselves from the aggressive components of urine. This disease occurs more often in women than in men, which is due to the structural features of the female urethra.

This disease, affecting areas and, can have very serious consequences, so it is extremely important to detect and treat it promptly and correctly. At MedicCity, consultations are conducted by highly qualified specialists, and our products from the best manufacturers allow you to see pathological changes at the earliest stages!

In addition to the bladder, leukoplakia can affect the mucous membranes of the vulva, rectum, cervix, mouth, and also affect the eardrums and paranasal sinuses.

Why does leukoplakia of the bladder appear?

The main route of occurrence of the disease is the penetration of infection from the external genital organs. Most often it is a virus, gonococci, chlamydia,.

There is also another route of infection, when the infection “comes” along with the flow of lymph and blood from the uterus, its appendages, intestines and kidneys. In this situation, infection occurs with the help of E. coli, streptococci, and staphylococci.

Risk factors for the occurrence of leukoplakia of the bladder are:

• frequent change of sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse;
• hormonal disorders (for example, the appearance of hypoestrogenism during the period);
• foci of chronic infection in the body (, caries,);
• , various metabolic disorders;
• decreased immunity as a result of smoking, stress, hypothermia, etc.;
• developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary system;
• inflammatory processes in neighboring organs.

Symptoms of leukoplakia of the bladder

Typically, when visiting a doctor, patients complain of the following symptoms:

• frequent and acute urge to urinate, especially at night;
• nagging and aching pain in the lower abdomen when the bladder is full, burning and pain after emptying it;
• urination disorders, intermittent stream, incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• weakness, fatigue.

The most common type of leukoplakia of the bladder, which affects its neck, is the most painful.

The symptoms of leukoplakia are quite similar. Sometimes even doctors confuse these diseases. There have been cases when, due to the lack of experience of the specialist and the lack of modern diagnostic equipment, the patient was treated for cystitis for a long time, and then she was diagnosed with leukoplakia of the bladder (as well as leukoplakia of the bladder neck). Therefore, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of a complete and high-quality diagnosis of the disease.

Methods for diagnosing leukoplakia of the bladder

Leukoplakia of the bladder is a little-studied disease that requires careful examination.

Diagnosis begins with a visit, who will carefully listen to all the patient’s complaints and collect an anamnesis of the disease. Then the following types of research may be prescribed:

• and taking a smear from the cervical canal;
• general, bacteriological and biochemical urine analysis;
• urine sample according to Nechiporenko;
• tests for the presence of;
• cystoscopy;
• performing a biopsy of the bladder walls.

It is advisable to take the test during the period of exacerbation of the disease; during the period of remission, the test results may be uninformative.

The main type of examination in the diagnosis of leukoplakia of the bladder is cystoscopy. Thanks to this study, you can see the cavity of the bladder, the presence or absence of white plaques on it, and take a biopsy.

Treatment of leukoplakia of the bladder

After diagnosis, a treatment regimen is prescribed, which depends on the degree of damage to the bladder and the stage of the disease.

Leukoplakia of the bladder can be treated therapeutic And surgical ways.

Therapeutic methods

Therapeutic treatment Leukoplakia of the bladder is carried out after identifying the causative agent of the disease.

Patients are prescribed antibacterial drugs that affect pathogenic microflora, as well as restorative and anti-inflammatory drugs.

To restore damaged (as a result of the aggressive influence of urine) bladder walls, it is used medicinal irrigation .

Physiotherapeutic methods (magnetic therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis, etc.) help eliminate inflammation and renew affected bladder cells.

Surgical method

Surgery for leukoplakia of the bladder is performed if the disease has progressed too far, or there is a suspicion of the appearance of an oncological tumor.

Transurethral resection of the bladder (TOUR ) is carried out using a cystoscope, which is equipped with a fiber-optic light source and a camera, due to which the operation of bladder leukoplakia takes place under the full control of doctors. The cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. Then, using a special loop, the pathological tissue is cut off. Thanks to this method, complete removal of unhealthy tissue is achieved while maintaining the integrity of the organ.

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Anatoly Shishigin

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With leukoplakia in the bladder, its mucous tissues are affected, and the epithelial layer of cells becomes keratinized. The pathology affects the mucous membranes of various organs, but most often in the genitourinary system.

Leukoplakia of the bladder is a pathology that causes hardening of the transitional epithelium and its transformation into a flat type. Thus, dense zones appear in the mucosa that do not protect the organ from the effects of chemical components of urine, causing inflammation.

Cystoscopy picture of leukoplakia of the bladder

Most often, relapse of leukoplakia of the bladder is detected in female patients, which is due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the genitourinary system of women, in which the bladder is most susceptible to carcinoma and infection due to the short and wide urine output channel.

In terms of symptoms, this disease resembles chronic cystitis, which is often the cause of erroneous diagnosis and ineffective treatment. Therapy against cystitis in the presence of leukoplakia does not have the necessary effect, and the pathology worsens.

This disease affects absolutely all patients, although it is more common in women. The urethral canal of the female body is much shorter than that of the male body, so when infections enter, they quickly penetrate into the bladder cavity. Pathogens ascend from the genital organs from the outside into the organs of the genitourinary system, rising to the kidneys. Most often, this is how leukoplakia occurs, starting with gonorrhea, chlamydia or trichomoniasis.

In many cases, the disease begins with papillomavirus or herpes infection. In rare cases, the etiology of leukoplakia is determined by a descending pathway through the lymph flow or blood vessels. They transmit staphylococci, E. coli and streptococci, as well as other pathogenic microorganisms through their channels.

There are a number of provoking factors in which the penetration of pathogens of bacterial origin increases several times. These include:

• lack of barrier protection during promiscuity;
• long-term stressful conditions of a person;
• a number of endocrine system disorders;
• too long use without replacing the intrauterine device in women (this leads to tumors and neoplasms in the organ);
• severe hypothermia of the body;
• lack of proper rest for a long time;
• disorders in the structure of the urinary system.

Provocateurs of leukoplakia are also inflammation in the chronic stage in other organs, ranging from neighboring organs of the genitourinary system to dental caries in the patient. In this case, the disease recurs even if the mucosal tissue is completely restored. The pathology cannot be attributed to processes of oncological etiology; it is not carcinoma, since all epithelial tissues in the bladder are not malignant.

How does leukoplakia manifest?

With the development of leukoplakia of the bladder, patients experience symptoms characteristic of any inflammatory process. In particular, the patient complains of frequent urges and problems during deurination, interruption of the urine stream during urination, pain, pinching and burning during urination, a feeling of incompleteness of the act, as well as general weakness and malaise of the patient.

As experts note, practice shows that more than half of the patients who were treated for chronic cystitis actually suffered from leukoplakia.

Leukoplakia during pregnancy

Many diseases complicate pregnancy, especially inflammatory processes. Leukoplakia greatly complicates the life of the expectant mother, since in the early stages of pregnancy there may be abnormalities in the development of the embryo and developing fetus, and a miscarriage is also possible. This often occurs with trichomonas infections, human papillomavirus and other infections.

In the case of late pregnancy, the occurrence of leukoplakia can cause premature onset of labor, placental abruption, delay in fetal development, or infection through the placental barrier.

Pregnancy with leukoplakia always occurs with complications, and treatment can only be with antibiotics with mandatory monitoring of gestational age. The main therapy is carried out only after the woman’s permission from time to time. If a recurrence of bladder cancer is detected during pregnancy planning, the woman must first undergo treatment and remove the source of inflammation, and only then is she allowed to become pregnant.

Diagnostic methods

If leukoplakia of the bladder is suspected, the patient must undergo a number of additional examinations, especially carefully examining the urological area. In particular, the traditional series of analyzes consists of the following:

• urine and blood for general laboratory analysis, also for biochemistry;
• For the collected urine of the patient, it is necessary to perform a Nechiporenko test;
• bacterial culture, PIF and PCR are performed;
• ultrasound examination of the urinary system;
• performing an immunogram;
• diagnostics using cystoscopic equipment;
• biopsy of the bladder, its mucous tissues and their histology.

How to treat leukoplakia?

The choice of a therapeutic regimen and the start of treatment is carried out only after identifying the cause of the disease, its severity and prevalence. Therapy refers to conservative methods, but surgical interventions can also be used.

During conservative treatment, the doctor selects medications that effectively affect the pathogens. As a rule, this is therapy against inflammation, antimicrobial drugs, immunomodulatory medications to strengthen the immune system, as well as various complexes of vitamins and minerals.

To restore the walls of the bladder, it is necessary to perform regular irrigation with special preparations that are an analogue of natural glycosaminoglycan. With the right choice of drug, the patient can restore the entire epithelial layer.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are also highly effective, during which they resort to electrophoresis and laser therapy, magnetic therapy and microwave treatment. In cases where conservative methods do not have the desired effect, the patient is referred by a doctor for surgical removal of the affected and hard areas of the epithelium.

Surgical operations for leukoplakia

As a rule, the affected area of ​​leukoplakia is removed through transurethral resection (TURP). This is a special type of operation using a cystoscope, which is inserted into the bladder through the urethral canal. The device has a special loop, which is designed to excise the source of inflammation and separate it from healthy wall tissue.

Transurethral cystoscopy is absolutely safe, since all operations are performed under the strict supervision of a specialist, and also due to the presence of a small camera and a backlight on the cystoscope. The image is transmitted to the monitor in real time.

Laser surgery is very helpful for recurrent lesions of leukoplakia. This method has a lot of advantages, since the invasiveness is minimal and can be performed without contact. When burning, there is no bleeding, and tissue lesions evaporate. In this case, a small film is formed on the surface of the fabric, very thin, but reliably protecting the area from the penetration of various microbes.

Traditional medicine methods for treating pathology

Leukoplakia is a very serious disease, so self-medication is strictly prohibited. But it is quite acceptable to supplement conservative treatment prescribed by a doctor with folk remedies. If there is a burning sensation during deurination, it is recommended to use vaginal tampons that are soaked in sunflower oil. There is also a positive effect when washing the genitals with decoctions of calendula or St. John's wort.

Bearberry tincture can reduce the pain of symptoms; decoctions of goldenrod and horsetail, dill and parsley roots have the same properties. When using cranberry juice, you can achieve a good antibacterial effect, so these drinks should be included in your daily drinking diet.

In the practice of using traditional medicine recipes, the effective effect of birch tar on improving the condition of a patient with leukoplakia is known. It should be added to warmed milk and drunk slowly. A drop of tar is applied to half a glass of liquid, on the second day 2 and so on up to 18 drops. After day 19, the process reverses. All recipes can have a positive effect, but it is necessary to consult with your doctor to avoid complications of allergic reactions.

Diet for leukoplakia

In order for the prescribed treatment to be effective, the patient must follow a certain diet prescribed by the attending physician. All foods that irritate the mucous surfaces and bladder are excluded from the diet. It is advisable to steam, bake or boil food. All fried foods are strictly prohibited for this disease.

Optimal products

Prohibited Products

The intake of any spices and seasonings, spicy and fried foods, smoked meats and pickles, canned food, fish and rich meat broths, strong tea or coffee, garlic, radishes, onions and sorrel, as well as white cabbage is strictly prohibited.

In addition to dietary restrictions, the patient must maintain an adequate drinking regime, drinking at least 2 liters of clean water during the day. Only a sufficient amount of fluid intake can rid the bladder of the effects of pathogenic bacteria, as well as reduce the concentration of uric acid and its negative impact on affected tissue areas and organs. Specialists allow drinking not only water, but also weak teas, herbal infusions, still mineral water, as well as fruit drinks and berry infusions.

Histology of leukoplakia of the bladder

Most often, this disease is transmitted through sexual contact, so experts recommend using barrier methods of protection, condoms. This will not only protect the woman from unwanted pregnancy, but also for patients of both sexes it will be protected from pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria.

It is equally important to prevent prolonged hypothermia of the body, as a result of which inflammatory processes begin in the pelvis. It is recommended to wear warm clothing, especially in cool weather, and to keep your feet dry. It is important to observe the rules of genital hygiene, choose natural fabrics for underwear and regularly change towels.

One of the common diseases of the urinary system is leukoplakia, which mostly affects the organs included in the genitourinary system, in particular.

In addition, pathology can manifest itself in the rectum, cervix, eardrums and even in the oral cavity.

Over the past few years, the number of cases of this pathology has increased several times, so it is important to know the main features, prerequisites for its occurrence and symptoms.

What kind of pathology is this?

This disease is a precancerous chronic pathology, during which partial deformation of the epithelial cells lining the organ from transitional to flat occurs.

In this case, the areas that have undergone deformation have peculiar horny scales, then plaques appear, characterized by a relatively clearly defined perimeter, having a characteristic shade from yellow-white to gray.

Due to deformation, the epithelium does not cope sufficiently with the task of protecting the walls of the bladder from excessive exposure to urine, which is why chronic bladder inflammation develops.

Types of disease

Modern medicine distinguishes several types of leukoplakia of the bladder: according to the location of the affected areas and the shape. Depending on the type of disease, a narrower, and therefore more effective treatment may be prescribed.

By location

There are two main varieties:

• pathology of the bladder neck is typical mostly for women - the inflammatory process is located exclusively on the neck;
• Disease of the body of the bladder occurs in both women and men, affecting the mucous membrane of the body.

To determine the source of the disease, I use ultrasound diagnostics and.

By shape

There are three main types of this disease:

1. Erosive. Represents areas of cracks and erosions.
2. Warty. The focus of the inflammatory process has a sharp contour, while the keratinized tissues are layered on top of each other, thereby the surface becomes lumpy.
3. Squamous. A mild form of pathology, characterized by clouding of the mucous membrane surrounding the urinary cavity.

Determining the form of leukoplakia is important in choosing the right course of treatment.

Stages of the disease

The main method for detecting leukoplakia is cystoscopy, since this study allows us to exclude chronic cystitis.

Effective treatment of the disease

After the patient has completed all diagnostic tests, based on the results, the doctor can prescribe a therapeutic course, which depends on the degree of the disease, the source of inflammation and the form.

Leukoplakia involves complex treatment and may include medication, physiotherapeutic methods, and surgery.

Drug treatment

Taking medications includes taking several groups of medications:

1. Antimicrobial. They influence the pathogenic microflora identified in the tests.
2. Anti-inflammatory. To reduce inflammation in the affected area and prevent the development of new ones, in addition, these drugs help restore the epithelium.
3. Strengthening immunity. To maintain the body.

Taking or stopping medications on your own only makes the situation worse.

Irrigation (instillation) of the bladder with drugs

The next component of treatment is aimed at protecting against the excessive aggressive effects of urine. The drugs used are analogues of natural substances that restore epithelial tissue subject to deformation.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

This component of therapy is used mainly to increase the effectiveness of the main components of treatment. As a rule, specialists prescribe several procedures at once, among them the most popular:

• magnetic therapy;
• electrophoresis;
• laser therapy.

Their use promotes tissue regeneration and the elimination of adhesions characteristic of this disease.

Surgical method

If conservative methods do not give the desired result or the disease is too advanced, the doctor prescribes surgical intervention. This option is extreme and sometimes the only one. In such cases, it is carried out.

The course of such an intervention: the cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder, where, using a special attachment, the affected area is resected. After this surgical procedure, conservative therapy is prescribed, which allows you to restore the removed tissue.

Possible complications

In addition to the fact that this pathology causes a lot of inconvenience to the patient, it can become a decisive factor in the formation of life-threatening complications. Since the wall of the bladder is exposed to inflammation for a long period of time, its elasticity is lost.

That is, the bladder becomes extremely small and practically loses its main function, which is why kidney failure can develop over time. And after some time, death.

Leukoplakia of the bladder is a precancerous condition. Prolonged or improper treatment can lead to the formation of malignant tumors.

Prevention of disease

Since the first place in the route of infection is the sexual route, experts recommend using a condom during sexual intercourse. In addition, a number of recommendations should be followed:

• undergo regular preventive examinations;
• avoid hypothermia;
• monitor the quality and regularity of personal hygiene;
• lead a healthy lifestyle and take vitamin supplements.

Leukoplakia is one of the serious diseases of the genitourinary system that is widespread at the moment. Correct and comprehensive therapy for this disease allows you to avoid serious consequences in the future.

A chronic disease of the genitourinary system, leukoplakia of the bladder, the causes of which are varied, from sexually transmitted infections to caries, is one of those diseases that precede the development of cancerous tumors. In addition, leukoplakia contributes to the loss of elasticity of the walls of the organ; it ceases to adequately perform its functions, which leads to the development of renal failure. Therefore, it is important to diagnose leukoplakia in time and begin treatment at the earliest stage of development.

Urinary leukoplakia is a chronic disease of the bladder in which the cells of the transitional epithelium of its mucous membrane are replaced by cells of squamous, keratinizing epithelium. This process is called "metaplasia". The flat epithelium is not able to withstand the aggressive effects of urine, so foci of chronic inflammation and keratinization form on its surface. On the inflamed surface of the mucous membrane, plaques of indeterminate shape, but with clear edges, are whitish in color with a yellow or gray tint. In 1877, the Hungarian dermatologist E. Schwimmer proposed to call these plaques the term “leukoplakia” - “white plaque”.

Leukoplakia can develop on the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix, rectum, oral cavity, sinuses, as well as on the surface of the eardrum. Urinary leukoplakia in women is registered more often than in men, due to the anatomical features of the structure of the organ in women: the urinary canal is open to infection, which plays a leading role in the development of the disease.

Classification of types of leukoplakia

Leukoplakia of the bladder is classified depending on the location, stage, type of damage and form of the disease.

Depending on the location of the process, the following types of disease are distinguished:

1. Leukoplakia of the cervix is ​​the most common type of disease.
2. Leukoplakia of the bladder body.

There are different phases of the disease:

1. The initial (first) phase is a focal replacement of the transitional epithelium of the mucous membrane of the bladder with a flat one.
2. The second stage is the development of squamous metaplasia.
3. The third stage is keratinization of damaged areas of the epithelium, loss of elasticity of the walls of the organ, disruption of the function of urine evacuation.

Depending on the type of damage in leukoplakia of the bladder, the following types of disease are differentiated:

1. Flat - accompanied by clouding of the epithelium of the mucous membrane. At the site of inflammation, the epithelium becomes cloudy, and as it becomes keratinized, it begins to become opalescent; over time, the lesions acquire a pearlescent color. The hearth gains relief.
2. Warty - the focus of inflammation is sharply outlined, keratinized areas can overlap those affected by the flat form of leukoplakia, the surface becomes lumpy.
3. Erosive - the mucous membrane is covered with foci of erosion and cracks.

Depending on the degree of damage, the forms of the disease are distinguished:

1. Metaplasia of the epithelial membrane without cell death and keratinization.
2. Metaplasia of the epithelial membrane with cell death, plaque formation and keratinization at the site of damage.

It is worth noting that metaplasia with keratinization is extremely rare (1 case in 10 thousand).

Determination by cystoscopy of a white velvety area of ​​squamous metaplasia in Lieto's triangle is observed in 80% of clinically healthy women, which is 4 times more often than in men. In foreign medical guidelines, such changes are considered a variant of the norm.

Most doctors agree that the disease goes through the following stages of development: the non-keratinizing form of metaplasia is replaced by the keratinizing form, that is, leukoplakia itself, which, in turn, turns into squamous (flaking) keratosis - the formation of keratin and keratohyalin. With simple squamous metaplasia, keratohyalin is located in the cells, with keratinizing metaplasia, it is outside the cells, and “keratinization of the non-keratinizing membrane” occurs. It is keratinizing metaplasia that is a precursor to cancer, especially with multiple lesions of the bladder mucosa. The connection between this form of leukoplakia, carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and chronic infection has been scientifically proven.

Causes of the disease

Successful treatment of bladder leukoplakia begins with identifying the causes of its occurrence, since therapy always begins with eliminating the factors that provoke it. There are 2 ways for infection to enter the bladder tissue:

1. Ascending path. The infectious agent comes from the reproductive system, usually these are STD infections: genital herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, ureoplasmosis.
2. Descending path. The infection enters the bladder with blood and lymph from other infected organs - the uterus, ovaries, kidneys, and intestines. The infectious agents in this case are Escherichia coli, streptococci, Proteus, and staphylococci. Through the blood, infection occurs with schistosomiasis, which is a provocateur of keratinizing leukoplakia.

The following factors that reduce the level of local and general immunity can provoke the development of leukoplakia of the bladder:

1. Neglect of barrier contraceptives.
2. Hormonal fluctuations caused by physiological reasons (menopause, diseases of the endocrine glands) or taking hormonal medications.
3. Foci of chronic infections such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries or inflammation of nearby organs (uterus, kidneys, intestines).
4. The presence of stones in the bladder, which can mechanically injure the epithelial cover of the organ.
5. Infections of the digestive system.
6. Metabolic disorders and, as a result, changes in urine pH.
7. Tobacco, and not only active smokers suffer, but also passive smokers, as well as employees of tobacco enterprises.
8. Stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, overwork.
9. Hypothermia or overheating of the body.
10. Using an intrauterine device in the body for longer than prescribed.
11. Anomalies in the structure of the organs of the urinary and reproductive systems.
12. Age. Most often, the disease is registered in people over 30 years of age; women often become ill after menopause.
13. Sex, due to the structure and location of the urethra.

The disease does not affect fertility; a pregnant woman with leukoplakia of the bladder can carry and give birth to a healthy child. For an expectant mother, it is important not to miss scheduled examinations with a gynecologist and take all tests on time so as not to miss precious time and begin treating the disease in a timely manner.

In children, leukoplakia of the oral cavity is most often recorded as the cause of advanced caries or mechanical damage, or leukoplakia of the vulva as a result of uncomfortable underwear, hypothermia, improper hygiene or infection. Leukoplakia of the bladder in children develops extremely rarely; this mainly happens as a result of complications of leukoplakia of the vulva or as a consequence of abnormalities in the development and formation of the urethra.

Clinical picture

Depending on the form and phase of leukoplakia of the bladder, symptoms vary somewhat.

With flat leukoplakia of the bladder, clinical symptoms are often absent. Complaints of a pulling sensation in the lower abdomen rarely occur. As the disease develops, its clinical manifestations become more expressive. A pain syndrome appears, which is called “chronic pelvic pain.” The pain is dull, pulling, aching, more pronounced when the bladder is full. Urination is accompanied by cutting pain.

After emptying, a burning sensation appears. The stream of urine is intermittent. There is a frequent and strong urge to urinate, especially during sleep. After emptying, there remains a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Specific symptoms are accompanied by a deterioration in the general condition: fatigue and impotence are observed.

Leukoplakia of the bladder neck is the most painful. The symptoms of leukoplakia are in many ways similar to the symptoms of chronic cystitis, which often causes incorrect diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnostics

Making a diagnosis begins with an examination by a specialized specialist. Then the following studies are needed:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
2. Examination of vaginal contents.
3. General and biochemical urine analysis.
4. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko.
5. Urine analysis for bacteriuria.
6. Test for STIs (taken during an exacerbation of the disease).
7. Immunogram.
8. Cystoscopy.
9. Biopsy.

The main diagnostic test in this case is cystoscopy, which is carried out by inserting an endoscope into the bladder cavity through the urethra. In this case, whitish plaques can be detected against the background of a hyperemic, inflamed mucous membrane, localized in the neck of the bladder, on its anterior wall, at the entrances to the ureters. Penetration of urine under the plaque increases inflammation.

During the procedure, a biopsy is performed - a section of plaque is taken for histological examination. With keratinizing metaplasia, histological examination reveals sloughing epithelium of varying thickness, covered with a layer of keratin, similar to carcinoma. The probability of developing squamous cell carcinoma in this case is no more than 42%, while the transformation of squamous epithelial cells into cancer cells can last up to 28 years, and can occur synchronously with the development of leukoplakia. The larger the affected area, the higher the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.

Treatment methods

Depending on the phase, degree of damage and form of the disease, a treatment regimen is selected. Treatment of leukoplakia of the bladder can be carried out conservatively or surgically.

Conservative therapy is carried out after typing the infectious agent. If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, after determining sensitivity, antibacterial drugs are used in combination with anti-inflammatory and restorative agents. To restore damage as a result of the aggressive effects of urine components on the walls of the organ, irrigation is carried out with special means. Physiotherapy is also used: magnetic therapy, laser treatment, electrophoresis. These procedures help to renew the mucous membrane of the bladder and relieve the inflammatory process.

Coagulation of affected areas of the mucosa with a laser has a number of advantages: high accuracy, absence of complications, including bleeding, short recovery period (the wound surface is minimal, sterile and protected by a scab, complete recovery occurs in 1 month). In addition, in 96% of cases there is no relapse of the disease. During laser treatment, the infectious agent dies due to tissue heating.

Treatment of leukoplakia of the bladder through surgery is carried out if conservative treatment is ineffective or the formation of carcinoma is suspected. It is possible to partially remove the affected tissue while preserving the bladder. If wrinkling of the bladder is detected and the disease progresses, cystectomy is indicated - complete removal.

Folk remedies

Conservative treatment can and should be supplemented with herbal treatment. A herbal mixture of plantain, horsetail and cinquefoil has good anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and wound-healing properties; it will help stop the inflammatory process and restore the bladder mucosa. An infusion is prepared from it according to the following recipe: mix 20 g of crushed plantain leaves, 15 g of ground cinquefoil rhizome and 15 g of crushed horsetail leaves, 1 tbsp. l. raw materials, brew 0.5 liters of boiling water in a thermos and leave for an hour. Drink 1 glass of herbal infusion before bed until complete recovery.

Leukoplakia can be treated with herbs such as oats, yarrow, and Veronica officinalis. A herbal infusion for douching is prepared from Veronica: 5 tbsp. l. pour the herbs into 1.5 liters of boiling water and let it brew in a warm place for an hour.