Today, a large number of materials can be used to perform interior finishing. Water-based paint is popular, which is distinguished by many positive characteristics that are not inherent in all types of coloring compositions.

This material demonstrates good adhesion, variety of types, fairly simple application. Care of the painted surface does not require special skills and equipment. But it is important to be able to choose the right paint for repairs.

Peculiarities

Water-based paint contains fillers and polymers (sometimes latex) in water. In addition, an adhesive emulsion is added, due to which the adhesion of the composition becomes possible, and lastly, a pigment that gives the paint the main color sound.

Initially, the components of the paint do not dissolve in water, so its production is carried out in several stages:

• adding pigments and polymers to water;
• grinding (dispersing) the components of the composition;
• the introduction of other additives using a special mixer (dissolver).

After that, the paint is considered ready, it is packaged and sent to stores. At the same time, the proportions of certain substances in the compositions of various manufacturers will differ.

It is thanks to the component features that the paint got its name. An emulsion is a dispersed system. Such a composition is distinguished by the presence of a mixture of microscopic droplets of two insoluble liquids. As a rule, these are water and polymers.

Another name for paint is water-dispersion, since it is based on aqueous dispersions of polymers. They, in turn, contain suspensions of fillers and pigments, auxiliary additives (emulsifiers, stabilizers). Water-based paint does not contain organic solvents, which explains its environmental safety, non-toxicity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Water-based paint has a number of advantages, among which the most significant are:

• Ecological composition. It is due to the absence of organic solvents. Therefore, the paint is suitable for application in institutions for children.
• Non-toxic. Such paint does not smell during application and during drying.
• Fire and explosion safety, which are explained by the peculiarities of the composition of the paint.
• Weak abrasion.
• Resistance to aggressive environments, including alkalis.

• Moisture resistance allows such coatings to be subjected to wet cleaning.
• Gas and vapor permeability guarantees the maintenance of a microclimate in the room, the absence of the effect of "steam room".
• Compatible with most surfaces.
• Price availability.
• Ease of application.
• Long shelf life - 24 months. However, only the paint for which the conditions prescribed by the manufacturer are created is stored for so long.

Like any material, water-dispersion-based paint has "cons":

• Exposure to bacteria, fungus, mold, which actively multiply when applying paint in damp, insufficiently heated rooms. In this case, the preliminary cleaning of the wall from mold and fungus, its treatment with special compounds allows to solve the problem. When choosing water-based paint for such premises, preference should be given to compositions with antibacterial and antifungal effects.
• This composition is not suitable for unheated premises and outdoor work, since at low temperatures the painted surface becomes covered with cracks.
• The impossibility of applying the composition on surfaces coated with adhesive and varnish, as well as on metals. However, if necessary, cover metal areas with a “water emulsion”, the latter are primed in several layers. After that, the paint lays down perfectly and keeps on metals.

Types and characteristics

The composition of water-dispersion paint may differ in the presence of certain additives. This, in turn, affects the technical properties of the paint: its appearance, scope, application features.

There are the following types of interior "water emulsion":

• Polyvinyl acetate. The basis of this composition is a polyvinyl acetate emulsion, which is a very white thick homogeneous substance. It is also the basis of PVA glue. It can be plasticized (it freezes at 0 degrees, it is afraid of frost) and non-plasticized (withstands up to 4 freezing cycles). Plasticizers and stabilizers are added to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion. As for coloring pigments, they may or may not be present. The content and ratio of the components of the composition, as well as production processes are regulated by GOST 28196 89. After applying to the surface, water evaporates from the emulsion, and the remaining substances harden, acquiring hydrophobic characteristics. After drying, a porous semi-matt surface is formed. The hardening time at a temperature of +22 - 2-3 hours.

The popularity of this type of coating is due to good hiding power (a parameter of the decorative characteristics of the coating that affects the color properties and degree of gloss), the possibility of painting porous surfaces (brick, concrete, plaster, cardboard), obtaining a strong and attractive film, high drying speed.

You can get the right shade by purchasing the paint of the right color. or adding color to white paint. In the latter case, it is recommended to apply at least 2 layers of "water emulsion" to get a good result. Finally, it is worth noting the minimum price of polyvinyl acetate paint compared to other types of water-dispersion compositions.

At the same time, the paint is not suitable for rooms with high humidity. When applied to surfaces made of chalk, clay, limestone, metal, the paint begins to peel off, and when subjected to excessive mechanical stress, it cracks.

• Acrylic. The main components of acrylic paint are a water-dispersion mixture and polyacrylates. It is the presence of the latter that provides increased moisture resistance of the paint, it is also called “washable” and is suitable for rooms with a high level of air humidity. At the same time, the painted layer is characterized by vapor permeability; mold and fungi do not form under it. Due to its good elasticity, the paint is suitable for application not only on walls, but also on the ceiling. At the same time, it demonstrates compatibility with almost all types of working bases, including metal ones. The latter types must be primed first. Due to UV and abrasion resistance, the painted surfaces retain their presentable appearance and brightness of the shade even when exposed to direct sunlight and with regular wet cleaning.

• latex paint- this is the common name for several types of "water emulsion", which contain latex. This additive may be present in acrylic, acrylic silicone, acrylic polyvinyl acetate and acrylic styrene butadiene paints. The main feature of compounds containing latex is the ability to form a special "crystalline" surface structure, which acquires the properties of increased moisture resistance and resistance to aggressive environments, including alkaline. The finished coating is characterized by a higher density than other types of "water emulsion".

Depending on the appearance of the painted surfaces, or rather the gloss / haze indicators, the latex "water emulsion" can be of the following types:

• highly matte (CM 0-5);
• semi-matte (MP 11-29);
• matte (M 6-10);
• highly glossy (SG 90-100);
• glossy (G 60-89);
• semi-glossy (PG 30-59).

To achieve one or another effect of a painted surface, it is important to pay attention to these characteristics of latex compositions. So, for example, when applying paint over wallpaper, a matte one will emphasize the texture of the latter, while a glossy one will blur it and distract it from the features of the texture. Latex paints have all the "pluses" of water-dispersion compositions, but at the same time they have greater strength and abrasion resistance. However, latex paint should only be used in heated rooms, otherwise its quality deteriorates.

• silicate water-based paint consists of water dispersion, liquid glass and color pigments. It has all the qualities inherent in water-based paints (environmental friendliness, breathability, fire and explosion safety). In addition, the painted surfaces have increased moisture resistance and retain their properties for a long time. The service life of such paint is up to 20-25 years. The presence of special additives prevents contamination of painted substrates with mold and fungus.

• A feature of the composition of silicone products is the presence of silicone resins in it. Due to this, the paint can be used on most surfaces. Among other advantages is the possibility of coating surfaces with small (up to 2 mm in width) cracks. After drying, all defects are hidden, a smooth smooth surface is formed. The paint can be used in rooms with high humidity and even applied to semi-moist substrates. Due to the high vapor permeability, it is possible to avoid the formation of mold on the painted surface and fungal formations. It is also important that the hiding power characteristics are also on top - to obtain an optimal staining result, one coat of paint is enough.

The painted surface does not attract dirt, so its cleaning is extremely rare. Naturally, such technical qualities cause a higher cost of the product.

• The main components of mineral paint are cement and slaked lime, thanks to which the paint fits well on brick, cement and concrete surfaces. If a polyvinyl acetate emulsion is present in the composition of the mineral enamel, then the dried surface will be resistant to the effects of fats and oil products. A significant "minus" of mineral compositions is a short service life.

Colors and design

Among the advantages of water-based paint, color diversity is noted. However, more and more often on store shelves you can find white or transparent paint. To them, a small vial of color is purchased - a composition saturated with pigment, which, when added to the “water emulsion”, gives it the desired shade. The use of liquid colors allows you to get complex colors that are not commercially available. In addition, by changing the concentration of color in the paint, you can achieve a gradation effect when painting the surface. In other words, it will be possible to change the intensity of the color from more saturated to restrained.

Today, experts recommend abandoning ready-made solutions and use colors. This is due to the fact that during the production of colored paint a single shade is obtained, the equipment is not capable of outputting tones or halftones. As a result of staining with ready-made compositions, the degree of illumination of the working bases and their material are not taken into account. This is why dried surfaces can lose volume and the room itself can become dark and small.

But if it is necessary to use achromatic black, gray paints, it is better not to waste time on tinting, but to purchase a ready-made composition.

When tinting water-based paint, the following recommendations should be followed:

• The ratio of components should be selected exactly in the room where the staining will be done. In this case, a test batch is first prepared, with which a small area is painted. All proportions are recorded. After drying, the result is evaluated in daylight and electric light. If the result is satisfactory, proceed to the preparation of the paint and painting the entire surface.
• When adding color to the paint, you can not pour the contents of the bottle immediately. It is better to do this in small portions, literally drop by drop, regularly mixing the composition. This will achieve the desired intensity of the finished product.
• You should prepare the entire volume of paint at once, otherwise in the future (when tinting in small portions) you risk not picking up a similar shade. Of course, if the work surfaces are large and the whole process takes a long time (the paint begins to harden already in the bucket), then this recommendation is irrelevant. In this case, it is necessary to carefully record the proportions of paint and color used and monitor their observance in subsequent preparations of the composition.

Please note that only white paint can be tinted. If it contains yellowish and other pigments, the result of staining is unpredictable.

The decor of surfaces painted with “water emulsion” in most cases is achieved not through paint, but through the use of various materials and techniques for applying the composition. Quite popular is the application of paint on decorative plaster. In this case, the base color is applied to the dried plastered surface as the first layer. It is important that the coloring composition fills all the recesses and protrusions of the surface, painting with an airbrush usually helps to achieve this. The next layer (of a different or the same shade as the base, but more intense) is applied with a sponge or a bald roller.

A crumpled newspaper or a damp rag allows you to get relief or abstract stains. To do this, blot the painted and uncured surface with a piece of newspaper or rags, after rubbing them. The application of paint with a textured roller has an unusual effect. It has a certain pattern on its surface, which is transferred to the area being formed. When choosing this method, it should be borne in mind that paint consumption will increase.

In addition to using special tools and improvised means, you can choose special acrylic paints that provide the desired decorative effect. To get texture, it is better to purchase acrylic, silicone, silicate or mineral versions of water-dispersion paints. The paint may contain quartz chips or other natural filler. The result of staining will be unusual visual effects, a sense of volume, imitation of various surfaces. The painted surface is uneven, embossed, reminiscent of rock. Marseille wax is used to simulate the surface of wood or cork. After drying, the surface is covered with a special wax.

For rooms with high humidity and surfaces that require frequent wet cleaning, it is recommended to use a glossy water-based paint. In addition, it allows you to achieve shiny smooth surfaces, while a more “calm” matte paint has a porous structure that attracts dirt. Painting ceilings with a glossy composition allows you to visually “lift” them, increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. But if the room has a ceiling height of about 3 m, the glossy finish is lost and looks inexpressive. Glossy paint gives a strong mirror effect.

An interesting result can be obtained using a mother-of-pearl composition. Its peculiarity is that with different light incidence, the surface shows many shades within the same color palette. In other words, volume, versatility of color is achieved. Refraction of color is possible due to the introduction of the smallest pearlescent color scheme into the paint.

Scope of application

With many advantages, interior water-based paint loses them when applied to exterior surfaces. That is why such compositions are suitable exclusively for interior work. "Vodoemulsionki" are suitable for decorating walls and ceilings not only in residential, but also in office and industrial premises. At the same time, it is better to choose a special paint for the ceiling, it will have a thicker consistency that is convenient for distribution.

Due to its environmental friendliness and non-toxicity, "water emulsion" is actively used for surface decoration in children's and medical institutions. Most water-dispersion compositions demonstrate good adhesion with the main types of work surfaces. When applied to some of them (for example, metals), their preliminary primer is required. The most versatile in terms of compatibility with working substrates is an acrylic product. When applied to porous surfaces, the gloss / mattness of the paint is also important. For porous surfaces, it is better to use glossy and semi-gloss options.

Surfaces that are subject to frequent wet cleaning (in public places or in the kitchen) are recommended to be painted with latex compounds. Even after several years of active use, they retain vapor permeability, resistance to moisture and an attractive appearance. In rooms characterized by high humidity (kitchens, bathrooms, washing and swimming pools, houses of old buildings), it is better to paint the walls and ceiling with silicate compounds, and if it becomes necessary to protect surfaces from mold and fungus, silicone.

The ideal paint for wallpaper is latex. When applying other types, it is possible to soak the wallpaper, disturbing their texture. And latex paint strengthens them, making wet cleaning of surfaces possible. To a greater extent, it is suitable for non-woven than for paper wallpaper. Moreover, the latter should be intended for painting.

If you need to paint a tree, then you should choose a "water emulsion" with a special mark on the package. Such compositions not only fit perfectly on wooden surfaces, preserving their original texture, but also protect them from rotting, mold and mildew. For wood, only matte versions are used, as the gloss "eats" the natural beauty of the material.

Often there is a need to paint not walls or ceilings, but small elements rooms, for example, radiators. At the same time, the coloring composition applied to the battery must withstand high temperatures and protect the surface from corrosion. For these purposes, acrylic matte paint is optimal (gloss will draw attention to irregularities and defects in the coating). Do not forget that the paint should be intended for application to batteries, and it is better to paint outside the heating season.

Manufacturers

The production of water-based paint is carried out both abroad and in Russia. Leading brands are:

• Dulux is a British manufacturer specializing in the production of building materials. Paint and varnish products are of the highest quality, and therefore a considerable price. You can buy Dulux paint in containers with a volume of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 liters. The price for a container with a volume of 10 liters starts in the range of 4500-5000 rubles. At the same time, the paint consumption, according to the manufacturer, is 13-17 l / m2. The advantage is a wide range of products designed for different areas of use. There are many compositions for interior work with universal use (Dulux Trade Diamond Matt, Dulux Trade Ecosure Matt, Dulux Trade Diamond Eggshell), for rooms with high humidity (Dulux Trade Supermatt) and for kitchens (Dulux Reallife Kitchen Matt), as well as for surfaces, frequently washed (Dulux Trade Vinyl Silk).

Of the brand's unique compositions, it should be noted Dulux Trade Vinyl Soft Sheen (applied to wallpaper for painting), Dulux Light & Space Matt (reflective material), Dulux Magic White (has a color indicator).

Repair in the house is a dream, to change not only the design, but also your life. This is supported by modern technologies and environmentally friendly building materials. Water-based paint is no exception. The main priority of the product is environmental friendliness, ease of application, quick reconstruction, maintenance.

Description and features of water-based paint

Water based paint is an emulsion. Polymer particles are in the composition undissolved before drying. As soon as the mixture dries, the particles turn into a polymer film.

Thanks to this embodiment, or the wall becomes perfectly smooth. In the future, depending on the type, the coating involves caring for it with a damp cloth. Which is very convenient in the children's room, kitchen. Silicone emulsions allow you to use them in the bathroom.

Water-based paint has a wide range of colors and shades

Types of emulsion paints

• mineral,
• silicate,
• silicone,
• acrylic,
• polyvinyl acetate.

Mineral. The structure of the paint contains additional components: cement, slaked lime. The emulsion is intended for interior work, when it is necessary to cover concrete and brick surfaces. Mineral water-based paint is not popular. Since there is a significant drawback - fragility.

silicate. The basis of the structure is liquid glass with colored pigments. A positive characteristic is durability. Among the minuses, intolerance to wet rooms can be distinguished.

Silicone water-based paint. The emulsion contains silicone resin. The presence of such a component makes it universal. The positive properties are the ability to mask two millimeter holes, it is not afraid of wet rooms due to vapor permeability, it is not susceptible to mold. If you compare it with previous paints, it has a high price.

The most common and versatile is silicone water-based paint.

Acrylic water-based paint. Consumers and professionals most often use this type of paint. Acrylic resins are the main component, which makes it expensive compared to other varieties.

Mixtures are subject not only to concrete and, but also to plaster, wood, glass. Therefore, the emulsion can be used on facade finishes.

The most budget options are analogues, where acrylic copolymers are added. The quality is not lost from this. The additive in the form of latex makes the paint elastic and increases the resistance to moisture.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint. The most popular enamel. Since the positive characteristics are the base - PVA glue, high-quality, cheap products. Widely used for interior work - painting ceilings, walls.

Common properties for water-based mixtures are:

- ease of maintenance. The surface is washed with a damp cloth. In this case, properties are not lost;

— have no smell;

- dry quickly;

— good effect of masking cracks;

- ease of application;

- there is no smell;

— long term of almost all kinds. The exception is mineral water-based paint.

In the photo, the use of water-based paint in the interior

Preparation for painting and proper application

Before painting with water-based paint, preparatory work should be calculated consumption of water-based paint. On average, the mixture takes 250 g per square. meter. But it is worth considering the absorbency of the surface on which the mixture will be applied.

The viscosity of the enamel is determined by a viscometer and its limits should correspond to 45 s. If a roller or brush is used, an airbrush - 45 s. Based on the measurements, the required amount of water for dilution is determined.

Algorithm of preparatory work:

- the surface or walls are freed from previous coloring substances: lime, chalk, old putty, paint;

- wet the area abundantly and remove all whitewash with a spatula to. If the paint is not removed, use a solvent, but there should be no bald spots on the surface;

- wash the ceiling or wall with a rag;

- putty the place of painting with two layers of putty (starting, finishing);

- sand the site;

- cover with a layer of primer;

- after complete drying, proceed to painting;

- choose a roller with a medium pile. Before using, try to see if the villi do not climb from it. This will negatively affect the quality of the painting;

- pour the paint into the tray;

- the application of paint begins from the corners on the wall or ceiling with a brush;

- now apply the mixture to the rest of the surface with a roller on a long stick;

- the direction of the first layer should be parallel to the floor;

- paint stripes 1 meter wide and along the entire length of the walls;

- the next strip captures the previous strip by 15 cm;

- you can use the spray gun, if you have the skills;

- the second layer is applied after the first has completely dried;

- now the strips should be directed perpendicular to the floor or longitudinal compared to the first layer;

- to check the passes, you need to move away from the wall or look from below to the ceiling. So they can be better identified;

- all passes are repainted instantly, while the surface is wet. Otherwise a mottled surface is provided;

- if there are decor elements in the form of baguettes, they also need to be painted. So that there is a single whole with the ceiling;

- in the case of painting a drywall pad, the application technology is the same;

— color for water-based paint can be chosen as desired. The dye dosage is indicated on each vial. Do not trust and immediately pour out the entire norm, add it in parts and paint the wall.

After drying, determine the shade. In order for the walls to turn out to be a single color, it is necessary to calculate the dye on all walls. Then it will be difficult to choose colors.

Removing water-based paint from the surface

In order to refresh a paint job, one comes across an old layer of water-based paint. Here it is worth pushing from the circumstances. If the ceiling or walls are in good condition, you can only apply a new coat of paint.

In case of damage, overhaul, use of another material, the paint layer is removed. This can be done in several ways: wash off, use annealing, mechanically.

washout water-based paint water

When painting, waterproof and non-waterproof paints are used. Washing off the first option is a little more difficult, but possible.

To remove non-waterproof paint you will need:

- prepare protective equipment: goggles, a respirator;

- lay a cellophane film on the floor;

- wet a small surface with warm water and wait for swelling;

- remove the paint with a metal spatula;

- the process is laborious, the surface will dry quickly, so you have to constantly wet the surface.

Washing off waterproof paint:

- it is necessary to draw a metal brush over the surface and make as many scratches as possible;

- wet with water. It will get into the inner layers and make the paint pliable;

- repeat the procedure several times;

- paint is removed with a spatula. In this option, thermal and mechanical removal methods are suitable.

mechanical method

Prepare a drill, on which to put a nozzle in the form of a metal brush. Wear goggles and a respirator. All layers will be removed, only there will be a lot of dust. Doors to other rooms must be closed tightly.

thermal method

This method uses a building hair dryer. The heat cracks the paint. Then, layer by layer is removed with a spatula. When all work is completed, the surface should be vacuumed and dust removed.

Additives for paint removal

- if you add iodine to the water (100 ml per 5 liters of water), the paint will easily succumb;

- soap solution;

- a soapy solution with vodka washes off acrylic paint well;

- water with chloroform;

- use a different type of ceiling, for example, suspended, stretch. Then the washing procedure is excluded;

- jelly-like paint destroyer. Long process but no dust;

- paint removers containing formic acid and other organic additives. 2 liters of wash remove 10 sq. meters of surface. Washes well not only non-waterproof enamel, but also waterproof.

Price and reviews of water-based paint

Buy water-based paint the easiest way is in a regular building materials store, but there is also such an opportunity on the Internet. Oil is the base of the paint. As a result, it is used not only for interior, but also for exterior finishes. Below are some online prices:

- water-based paint "SUPERWEISS" (Germany), 3 kg - 475 rubles.

- water-based paint for the ceiling "Interior" 40 kg - 1,745 rubles;

— water-based wall paint latex, 14 kg - 1595 rubles.

— water-based paints for interior work"Snowflake", 14 kg - 995 rubles.

— water-based ceiling paint"Interior", 14 kg - 343 rubles;

- acrylic paint Acryl Fassadenfarbe, 20 kg -1248 rubles, 2.5 liters. - 280.37 rubles.

Many people choose water-based paint for interior decoration. This is due to its affordable price and good technical characteristics. To choose the right composition for certain repair and construction work, it is worth studying the main varieties and their features.

Specifications

Water based paint is emulsion of polymer particles. The latter do not dissolve in water and are able to turn into a dense film. Accordingly, the treated surface is smooth and even.

The water-based paint contains latex, a thickener, various fillers, and an antiseptic. Other components include plasticizers, antifreezes, defoamers, acrylate, etc. The presence of a certain substance depends on the application. It is also worth noting that to give a rich white tint, a small amount of sodium dioxide is added to the composition. In cheap materials, ordinary chalk is used for this purpose. In order for the water-based paint to obtain the necessary consistency, it is worth using a thickener, as well as CMC glue. The water base is demineralized water. As a rule, film-forming substances, fillers and plasticizers are provided in the composition in a ratio of 6:3:1.

If we talk about the consumption of 1 layer, then it will take about 150 ml/m² acrylic or other variety. Naturally, the number of layers of water-based paint directly depends on the absorbency of the surface.

It is worth remembering other technical characteristics.

• An important property is viscosity, which is measured using a viscometer.
• The specific gravity of acrylic and other paints is on average 135 kg/l.
• Drying time depends on humidity and air temperature. This figure is 2-24 hours.
• During painting, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of + 20 ° C, and the humidity in the room should be about 65%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Many people buy water-based paint because of its advantages:

The main disadvantage of this material is the impossibility of surface treatment at temperatures below +5°C.

Varieties of water-based paint

On sale you can find several types of compounds. They differ in their composition and some properties.

• The acrylic variety is recognized as the most common. Here the main component is represented by acrylic resins. Latex is also sometimes added. Thanks to this connection, the treated surface is not afraid of water. According to manufacturers, the wall can be washed at least 5000 times. If you apply acrylic paint in 2 layers, you will be able to mask irregularities of 1 mm in size. Such compositions are ideal for wooden, glass, concrete and brick surfaces. Acrylic material can also be used to process metal that has been previously primed.
• Silicone composition is quite expensive. This is due to the possibility of masking cracks with a width of 2 mm. It is worth noting that the coating is vapor-permeable, which means that you can not be afraid of fungus and mold.
• The silicate variety is a combination of pigments in an aqueous solution, as well as liquid glass. The service life of this material is at least 20 years. It is important to remember that such paint is not suitable for rooms with a high level of humidity.
• The mineral variety contains cement or slaked lime. A similar mixture is intended for processing brick and concrete surfaces. The disadvantage of the finishing material is its fragility.
• Polyvinyl acetate paint allows you to work even indoors. The cover is very durable. It is not afraid of the influence of direct sunlight, moisture and fats.

Features of applying paint

To independently process the walls, it is important mix properly. This must be done in accordance with the instructions. For kneading, you will need a small container where the composition is poured. Also, if necessary, add special pigments. Then the mixture is applied to the cardboard and wait for it to dry. This will help to accurately determine the shade.

The surface must be prepared before painting. To do this, remove the old lining and remove bumps and other defects. Then a layer of primer is applied. If we are talking about wall decoration, you need to take furniture out of the room and cover the floor with a film. In the case when the paint is applied to the wallpaper, 2 layers are enough. If there is only a primer, need 3 layers.

An airbrush will help facilitate the work. Thanks to this equipment, it will be possible to avoid smudges and gaps. Some experts prefer the roller. Naturally, in this case, you will have to apply more layers, because they will turn out thin. The most difficult thing is to use a brush, since the surface treatment will turn out to be of high quality only with experience and skill.

If you plan to finish the ceiling, special attention should be paid to the uniformity of the layers. To do this, the roller is dipped into the mixture and rolled out on a tray or linoleum. Next, you can start painting the ceiling. All stripes should be parallel and overlap each other by 2 cm. The surface will be perfectly painted if there is minimum 2-3 thin coats.

It is important to pay attention to the direction of painting. So, the very last layer must be placed towards the light source. Thanks to this, it will be possible to mask the heterogeneous structure of the coating. Lastly, corners, joints and other hard-to-reach places are processed. They are painted over using a small brush.

Methods for removing the composition

In some cases, it becomes necessary to remove the paint from the surface. The easiest way to do this is when using a polyvinyl acetate variety. Yes, that's enough sponge the wall dipped in soapy water. If it is an acrylic mixture, then you will have to make an effort using a spatula or other tool. This removal option is quite laborious and tedious. For this reason, some people prefer to use special washes that can be purchased at any hardware store.

Water-based paints are often used for interior decoration. Such material has excellent technical characteristics. It is completely safe and easy to use. Accordingly, it is possible to perform wall processing without even having the appropriate experience.

Paints in construction are used not only for decorative purposes, but also as a means of protecting surfaces from the adverse effects of environmental factors. Requirements for paints for floors, walls, radiators, ceilings will be different. Their chemical composition, purpose and place of use will also be different.

Types of paints

All paints used today in construction and decoration can be classified into three large groups:

1. emulsion paints.

• acrylic,
• mineral,
• silicate,
• silicone.

It is easy to work with emulsion paints, they are easily washed from hands and tools, dry quickly, do not have a sharp unpleasant odor, and create a pleasant texture. The dried surface is quite resistant to moisture, especially paints with special additives (silicone, latex, water glass in silicate paint). Such paints do not “exfoliate”, the surfaces continue to “breathe”, special water-based paints can be used for exterior painting, they are frost-resistant, moisture-resistant and do not fade from direct sunlight, they are not washed off or erased when brushing.

A variety of emulsion paints - water-dispersion. Their feature - drawing on a surface with a temperature above +50ºС. and increased moisture resistance.

1. Alkyd paints.

The binder in this category of paints is alkyd resins. There are:

• enamel,
• oil.

Alkyd paints are weather resistant, light and waterproof. It is possible to paint with them both wooden and metal surfaces, and plastered inside or outside the premises.

Alkyd paints dry for a long time, while releasing harmful substances, because their basis is drying oil (in oil) or varnish (in enamel). Solvents - white spirit, gasoline, turpentine, etc.

1. silicate paints. The basis is liquid glass, diluted with water. This category includes lime and other mineral paints, for example, cement-based. Prepared immediately before use.

Features of silicate paints:

• poor compatibility with other species,
• the surfaces under them do not “breathe”, do not let the vapor through,
• moisture permeable due to the friability of the dried layer,
• resistant to temperature changes.

They are used only for painting plastered surfaces in rooms with a low level of humidity. They have a large color spectrum, as they contain lye. For the same reason, you need to work with extreme care.

There are other varieties of paints, because today their choice is huge. So, in industrial premises, epoxy paints are used (for places with high humidity, for example, when constructing swimming pools) and polyurethane paints (drying at a temperature of more than + 180ºС).

Paints can be classified according to different principles:

• by type of binder (oil, silicate, acrylic, silicone, epoxy, etc.),
• by type of diluent (water, solvents),
• by scope (industrial, auto, artistic or construction),
• according to the appearance of the painted surface (matte, semi-gloss, glossy),
• for its intended purpose (depending on the surface material).

Paint weight

Paint density is an important technical indicator. Its various types have their own density. Specific gravity values ​​are shown in the table below.

Crane rail weight table

Type of paint	Density (g/cm3)	Specific gravity (kg/m3)	How many liters in 1 kg
acrylic	1,3-1,4	1300-1400	0,740
silicate	1,15-1,2	1150-1200	0,833
silicone	1,55	1550	0,645
oily	1,4-2,5	1400-2500	0,52
polyurethane	1,5	1500	0,67
epoxy	1,4	1400	0,714
enamel	1,2	1200	0,833

The well-known decorative water-based paint for interior work (this is the common name for all water-based paints) combines many subspecies, ranging from universal and practical silicone to super-resistant acrylic.

Being the progenitor of unique water-dispersion suspensions, water-based formulations, it would seem, should lose their former popularity. However, even now they are considered one of the most resistant and durable, while having a very affordable price.

Properties, technical characteristics of water-based paint

Water emulsion is a mixture of insoluble polymers, plasticizers and modifiers, fillers, pigment part in an aqueous medium.

Polymers, endowed with the property of not being dissolved in water, move freely in it, and when applied to a plane, they begin to approach each other, which contributes to the formation of a moisture-resistant film.

Types of water-based paint:

1. Silicone, with the main active ingredient in the form of a dispersion of silicone resins;
2. Acrylic, produced using acrylic resins;
3. Silicate, characterized by the presence of liquid glass in an aqueous solution;
4. Mineral, it contains cement or slaked lime.

In addition, the gradation of water-based paints is carried out depending on the scope of application for interior and facade.

Also, emulsions are distinguished:

• glossy;
• matte;
• semi-gloss;
• semi-matte.

Specifications

• density - 1.30–1.68 kg / dm 3;
• hiding power (according to DIN EN 13300) - 2-3 classes;
• wet abrasion resistance (DIN EN 13300) - class 4-class 5;
• water absorption coefficient ≤ 0.5 kg/(m²∙h 0.5);
• degree of grinding - ≤ 30–70 microns;
• pH - 6.8–8.5;
• consumption for 1 layer - 150–300 ml / m 2;
• application temperature - +5/+30 ° С;
• complete drying time - 6 hours.

Decorative water-based paint for interior work: advantages and disadvantages

All emulsion paints, including water-based ones, have water as the main structural component. Accordingly, the compositions are environmentally friendly. They do not emit any toxic substances both during application / drying and during operation, do not contain harmful chemical additives.