Site drainage - what it is, in what cases it needs to be equipped, choosing the right drainage system depending on local conditions, the cost of arranging a drainage system.

In areas with a predominance of clay or marshy soils, it is advisable to equip the drainage system. It will help to avoid excessive waterlogging of the soil, increase productivity, save the foundation of the house from natural wetting and premature destruction.

The general scheme of the drainage of the local area

How to determine the need for a drainage system

The surest sign of increased soil moisture is the mass growth of plants, characteristic of marshy areas. These include weeping willow, sedge, reeds.

In addition to plants, puddles that remain after rain or spring snowmelt will be evidence of the close occurrence of groundwater. If they do not leave for a long time, then there is enough other moisture in the ground.

It does not always rain, so it is much easier to use a long-proven way to check the level of soil moisture. To do this, you need to dig a hole about half a meter deep at the highest point of the site. If during the day water collects at the bottom, then this area needs drainage.

Varieties of drainage systems

There are several types of systems that produce drainage of a site with a high level of groundwater. Before laying any of them, it is worth understanding the installation methods more carefully.

Types of surface drainage systems

Surface drainage of a site with a high level of groundwater in adjoining and suburban areas is conditionally divided into two groups:

Linear. It is equipped by digging trenches on the soil surface along the perimeter of the site and serves to remove moisture from rain and snow. It functions smoothly only on flat surfaces without a sharp drop in relief. To do this, they dig trenches up to 30 cm deep and fill the walls with fine gravel. The disadvantage of such a system is that it looks rather unaesthetic and needs constant cleaning from leaves and small debris.

Elements of point and linear drainage

Spot. The simplest type of drainage, when water collectors are equipped in places of abundant water drainage - under roof drains, small ravines.

The installation of such systems does not require special knowledge, design calculations, and happens "by eye".

Deep drainage system

If the site is built on clay soil, with a sharp difference in relief or in an area with abundant groundwater, deep drainage is required. It is quite difficult to install. To develop a system project, you must contact a special bureau that provides services for geological exploration of the soil. Its specialists will accurately determine the level at which abundant aquifers pass and will help to competently cope with this problem.

Development of a drainage project

All deep systems are built on the same principle. The site drainage project is developed in such a way that all secondary moisture collection pipes are connected to the central line. It, in turn, ends in the main reservoir or is brought to the surface into a sewage ravine.

An example of the operation of deep drainage in the video:

In this case, the water intake should be located at the lowest point of the system. A very important point in the project should be the level and angle of the drainage pipes. In order to avoid silting or clogging, competent specialists will always offer the customer to mount manholes at each turn of the system. If necessary, or after several years, the wells are opened and the pipes are cleaned of debris under high pressure with water pressure.

The water intake is always placed below the freezing level of the soil. Usually this mark varies between 1-1.5 m.

Additional Information! For the installation of a drainage system, perforated pipes are always selected. They absorb excess moisture from the soil with their surface and remove it from the site. A big mistake is that exactly the same pipes divert water from under the gutters from the roofs. On the contrary, abundant moisture from precipitation should be discharged into the central sewer in a separate way and not fall back into the ground through a perforated outlet. Otherwise, it will again fall into the ground and gradually begin to destroy the foundation of the structure.

Installation steps

After a detailed plan has been drawn up and all related factors taken into account, you can begin to arrange drainage. Conventionally, it can be divided into the following stages:

Territory marking. Over the entire surface of the site, with the help of a peg and a rope, they mark out the future project.

Marking and laying pipes of the drainage system

Digging trenches. Ditches are dug to a depth of about 70 cm + 20 cm to compact the bottom. The width of the ditch varies within the width of the corrugation + 40 cm for freedom of occurrence.

Ditch sealing. The bottom of the trench is rammed and covered with a 10 cm layer of sand. A layer of fine gravel is poured on top.

Pipe laying. For deep drainage, it is best to use perforated plastic pipes. Recently, pipes wrapped with a special filter cloth have become popular. It is needed in order to prevent clogging of the system with sand. At corners, in places where manholes are installed, holes are made in the pipes for the convenience of flushing the line. During laying work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of inclination of pipes with a building level.

Backfilling of the filter layer. To prevent premature silting, the laid pipes are covered with a new layer of crushed stone. A decorative layer of soil is laid on top and it is well leveled.

Ready-made drainage with an intermediate well

Water well device. At the lowest point of the site, the main tank is installed, into which the collected water from the central line will accumulate. Near the well, if necessary, install a pump for pumping water.

The collected water can be used for watering flower beds and other plantings during the dry season.

artificial pond drainage

Some landscape designers offer to replace the main water intake well with an artificial reservoir, thus decorating the site. The main drawback of this beautiful design solution is the risk of swamping the man-made lake.

In this case, you should definitely equip an additional pond drainage system separately. It is better to lay out its bottom with a layer of fine stone and sand and compact it well. If the owner of the estate has expressed a desire to cover the surface of the reservoir with a film, it is necessary to equip an additional well (slucker). It is dug at a distance of about a meter from the pond and connected to it with a pipe along the surface. If the main reservoir is overfilled, excess moisture will overflow into an additional reservoir. Water from the cleaning well is pumped out if necessary.

Decorating a drainage system for a lake

Also, do not neglect simple and effective ways to drain the territory. Trees or shrubs planted along the banks will naturally begin to evaporate excess water through the leaves.

Drainage features if the site is sloping

Drainage on a site with a slope is carried out according to the standard scheme. The only difference will be that all auxiliary pipes are mounted according to the "herringbone" system in relation to the central line. It is imperative to monitor the correct slope of the pipes. The water well, in this case, is installed at the lowest point of the site.

Price

If you have certain knowledge and experience, you can do the drainage of the site with your own hands. But only a well-planned drain will work correctly, draining the site in a timely and efficient manner. Only experienced specialists can eliminate many errors, correctly calculate the angles of inclination and choose the project that is optimal in terms of material consumption. It is worth noting that drawing up a competent plan will help to avoid additional redevelopment in the future, which will significantly reduce the material costs of the owner of the plot.

It is best when the drainage is designed with the house

The price of a finished drainage system project with installation depends on the size of the territory, the desired number of manholes, and the complexity of the terrain. The cost of a turnkey drainage system device starts from 1200 rubles per linear meter. Deep - from 2700 rubles per linear meter

As practice shows, it is most expedient to equip deep and surface drainage at the same time. In this case, both systems will work simultaneously and with greater efficiency. Timely cleaning and proper care of inspection and wells will significantly extend the life of the system and the integrity of the foundations of buildings.

Be sure to take into account that the soil in the place of the trenches will shrink significantly in the first season. Therefore, you should not immediately decorate it with capital plantations. It is better to survive at least one flood season and re-level the terrain with an additional layer of earth.

To significantly reduce installation costs, drainage pipes in the country can be replaced with a bunch of dry branches or a PET container design.

It is clear what site drainage is and how it works on the video:

As a result, with a high occurrence of groundwater on the site, the arrangement of the drainage system is not a luxury, but an urgent need. The cost of arrangement is low and in any case will pay for itself within a couple of seasons.

Excess moisture has an extremely negative effect on the durability of buildings and plant growth. Therefore, when arranging the site, you should think about the construction of a drainage system. The construction of drainage systems is a reasonable solution to the problem of excess moisture on the site. Consider what types of drainage exist, and in which case one or another variety should be chosen to ensure the most comfortable living conditions.

It is customary to call drainage an extensive network of channels in which excess moisture is collected, which is removed outside the drained area. If the soil on the site is excessively moist, then to ensure the normal growth of plants and to protect the underground parts of buildings from groundwater, it is necessary to build drainage systems.

Thanks to their work, the accumulation of surface (precipitated) and ground water is prevented. To solve the tasks, various types of drainage are used on the site.

Open and closed systems

Depending on the method of the device, open and closed drainage systems are distinguished.

open

Open systems are the simplest type of drainage on the site. It is built quite simply:

• Along the perimeter of the site, trenches should be dug, having a width of 50 cm and a depth of at least 60 cm.
• To divert water from the house, the same trenches must be dug around the perimeter of the building. Water, flowing down the blind area, will fall into the ditch and be transported to the exit point.
• To make it easier for water to drain into ditches, they are made with beveled walls. The angle of inclination is about 30 degrees.
• When such a linear drainage is built, the water is usually discharged into a common ditch for several sites with the discharge of water into a ravine or reservoir.

zasypnye

To build a closed drainage, you can go in two ways:

• Build soft drains;
• Lay pipes.

The first option is the simplest, but less effective, since the systems silt up faster.

deep

To divert excess groundwater, deep drainage of the site is arranged. As a rule, such systems are necessary if the site is located in a lowland or the soils on it are predominantly clayey with a high GWL.

In this case, a tubular drainage is being constructed. Perforated pipes are laid in the prepared trenches, into which water is collected. Work on the device is carried out as follows:

• Trenches are being prepared. Their depth depends on the height of the soil water, and the width should be 40 cm more than the pipes used.
• A layer of sand is poured onto the compacted bottom of the trenches, and on top of it - a layer of rubble. The height of the permeable layers is 20 cm.
• Perforated pipes are laid on top of the crushed stone layer.
• A layer of crushed stone and sand is again poured over the pipe, then the trenches are completely covered with soil, and turf is laid on top.
• The pipes are laid with a slight slope towards the receiving well.
• Inspection wells should be installed at the places where the pipeline turns.

Vertical, horizontal and combined systems

Depending on the design, the following options for drainage systems are distinguished:

• vertical;
• Combined;
• Horizontal.

Horizontal

The most common is horizontal drainage, such systems include the installation of ditches and trays, pipe laying and the construction of reservoir (backfill).

One of the varieties of horizontal systems is ring drainage, designed to ensure the dryness of basements and the safety of foundations. An annular drain is recommended if:

• The buried parts of the foundation are located below the calculated level of occurrence of soil water.
• The level of the basement exceeds the groundwater level by no more than half a meter.
• When building a house in areas with loamy and clayey soils, regardless of the groundwater level.

The action of ring drainages is based on a decrease in the level of the location of soil water inside the laid contour. Pipes are laid at a distance of 5-8 meters from the walls of the building, the level of pipe penetration is 50 cm below the floor of the protected room.

Advice! If there is a pronounced unilateral inflow of moisture, the ring systems can be planned open.

The following drainage systems are also used to protect the foundations of buildings:

• Wall mounted. It is arranged along the contour of the building from the outside, laid below the sole of the strip foundation or the level of the foundation slab.
• Plast. This option, most often, is combined with annular or wall-mounted to increase their effectiveness.

vertical

In order to create vertical drainage, tubular wells are installed, connected by pipes and pumping units. That is, the removal of water accumulated in the wells occurs with the help of pumps.

As a result of pumping out moisture, in the area where the wells are located, the GWL decreases, and so-called depression funnels appear, into which water is actively supplied, diverted from the protected objects. This type of drainage allows you to divert water from the deepest layers of the soil, so their use can significantly reduce the GWL.

Combined

As the name implies, they use a combination of vertical and horizontal systems. They are needed where the upper part of the soil consists of soils that are poorly permeable to water, and sand is located below.

Sewer drainage systems

Local wastewater disposal and treatment systems are objects of increased environmental hazard, so it is important to comply with sanitary standards when installing them. Here are some tips for setting it up:

• In order for the drainage for the septic tank to be located at the optimal depth, it is necessary to properly build an external supply pipeline.
• The optimal depth of the pipes is 0.45-0.7 meters with a pipe slope of up to 3%.
• It is clear that the depth at which sewage drainage will have to be built will depend on the level of deepening of the septic tank. And according to the rules, drainage systems should not be below the level of 1.2-1.5 meters. If this condition is not observed, the implementation of the process of additional purification of water using anaerobic bacteria will be impossible.

• Properly constructed sewage drainage is an extensive network of perforated pipes.
• To collect the drainage system, plastic pipes measuring 110 mm are used. Drain holes are drilled at an equal distance from each other. It is better that the holes are located at different heights and have different diameters. In the initial part of the pipeline, the volume of effluents is greater, so small holes are made here and placed higher. This solution ensures uniform distribution of liquid throughout the filtration field.
• Drainage pipes are laid on a pre-made filter pad (from crushed stone, expanded clay, sand). The liquid passing through such a filter is effectively cleaned.

So, there are different types of drainage systems. Each of them is created to solve specific problems, the choice of systems that need to be built on the site is determined by local conditions.

When planning the construction of a country house or the reconstruction of your suburban area, each owner hopes that his house will stand for many years, and the plot will not only please the eye, but also bear fruit well. In practice, it often happens that even with well-drained soil, in some periods of the year the site is thoroughly flooded. Such periods include spring snowmelt, autumn lingering rains or summer showers.
Excessive soil moisture, in addition to temporary difficulties, has a number of negative consequences. The increased soil moisture in the area will necessarily affect the condition of the foundation, cracks may appear on it, or it will be washed away with water. Excess moisture also adversely affects basements, they can be flooded, fungus and mold can grow on the walls. In addition, moisture harms wooden furniture, doors, window frames. Excessive moisture in the garden causes rotting of vegetation, as well as various diseases. Decorative lawn in such conditions simply does not take root.

Surface landscaping of the site will not solve the problem of waterlogging, and each season will have to be done again and again. Which entails considerable costs for the installation of paths, replanting new plants, laying a new lawn, etc. The cost of restoring the foundation will also be prohibitive. But the occurrence of these problems can be prevented if you take care of the construction of a drainage system on the site in advance. The drainage system serves to collect water from the surface and depths of the site and drain the accumulated beyond it.

We design a drainage system

It is most rational to design a drainage system in conjunction with a project to build a house and build a garden. When drawing up a project, the following factors should be taken into account:
- features of the terrain;
- qualitative composition of the soil;
- predicted amount of precipitation;
- presence/absence of surface reservoirs and underground currents;
- the amount of vegetation and its relationship to soil moisture.

Types of drainage

There are two types of drainage - surface and deep. Surface drainage is designed to collect and drain water from the surface of the site, from paths, from open terraces, from the roofs of the house and other buildings. Most often, surface drainage removes melt water or eliminates the effects of rain. Deep drainage is designed to drain the soil. It is a network of underground channels through which water follows and leaves the site. Both types of drainage perform an equally important role and are interconnected systems, so their construction should be designed jointly.

Surface drainage

The surface drainage system can be organized in two ways - using a point drainage system and using a linear drainage system. The first method is used for local collection of rainwater or meltwater (for example, near roofs), the second one is for accumulating water that falls in the form of precipitation over a large area of ​​​​the site. These two methods of organizing surface drainage are rarely used separately; in order to achieve greater efficiency, it is advisable to combine these two systems.
Linear surface drainage - a set of recessed channels, sand traps and other elements (drainage trays, etc.). A sand trap is a container that serves as a filter that prevents small debris and sand from penetrating the drainage into the system. Sand traps need to be manually cleaned from time to time. Above them, as well as over the gutters, cast-iron or steel gratings are installed.
Point surface drainage provides for the installation of local water intakes in places where sedimentary water accumulates (places for draining water from roofs, near door thresholds, etc.). To divert water from balconies, terraces, and other open areas, point drainage is supplemented with linear drainage.

deep drainage

The deep drainage system consists of a network of buried channels (drains), which are designed to lower the level of soil water and protect the foundations of buildings and plant root systems from the harmful effects of excessive soil moisture.
Closed (deep drainage) is used in cases where the site is located in a lowland, there is a reservoir nearby, or for other reasons the soil on the building site is moist. Experts believe that when building a house in central Russia, one cannot do without the construction of a foundation drainage around the house, and in other cases, an analysis of specific conditions is required. If there are no visible reasons for the construction of drainage (there is not a swamp under your feet, but solid ground), then you still need to check the level of groundwater. If the waters are high (less than 1.5-2 meters), then it is necessary to build a drainage system. But in the event that the groundwater level is below 2 meters, the soil is sandy and well drained, then the issue of building drainage can be discussed with a specialist in advance, it may not be needed.

To build a deep drainage system, it is necessary to dig trenches of a certain depth. They are dug with a slight slope towards a drainage well, a natural reservoir or a centralized ditch. The bottom of the trenches needs to be tamped, a sand and gravel cushion is laid on it, and perforated drainage pipes are already laid on it. After the pipes are laid in the trench, they need to be covered with washed crushed stone or gravel. After that, geotextiles are laid, and covered with soil.
Most often, the drainage system has the shape of a Christmas tree. Lateral drains are adjacent to the central one, which drains moisture into a well or ditch. Drainage wells are constructed when there is no way to divert water outside the site. If necessary, a special pump is used in the well.

Open and closed drainage systems perform different but closely related functions. In practice, often drainage and sewer pipes are laid in the same trench. Sometimes there are cases when surface and deep drainage are combined into a single system.

The problem of draining rain or melt water from the house or excess groundwater from the soil of the garden plot is solved by drainage systems. What types of drainage exist?

First of all, drainage systems are divided according to the method of laying:

• superficial (open);
• backfill;
• deep (closed).

Surface drainage

The surface or open laying method by its very name suggests that it is designed to collect water from the surface of the site and yard, as well as to drain water flowing from the roofs of buildings on the site. Open channels laid around (along the perimeter) of the house divert storm drains from the foundation and the territory adjacent to the house and thereby preserve the foundation, basement and basement from dampness and mold, and the blind area and paths from destruction.

In turn, the surface method is divided into such types of drainage as:

• point;
• linear.

Your attention!

These types of drainage systems are different from each other.

Point surface drainage is designed to collect water at stressed drain points, these points are closed with metal decorative gratings that prevent large debris from entering the drainage pipes. Water collection points are connected by drainage pipes to one main pipe, which in turn is connected to a drainage well or storm sewer system.

Also, water can be drained from the main pipe into the nearest ravine or river.

Spot surface drainage is the easiest to implement, so you can easily lay it yourself. The greatest difficulty of this method lies in maintaining the correct slope of the water conduits so that the water itself flows through the pipes into the storm well.

The linear surface type in construction is more laborious.

Linear drainage is designed to divert streams of flood or storm water from slopes, from walls of buildings, from entrances to garages, if they are located at or below ground level. With this method of collection, water is collected and drained from the house and from the entire site using channels dug in the ground.

What size should the drainage channels be?

• width - 50 cm;
• depth - 60-70 cm;
• channel wall bevel angle - 20º-30º.

The inner surface of the channels is concreted so that the water does not erode the soil. From above, the drainage channels are closed with removable decorative gratings that trap large debris, but freely pass water.

Drainage channels should be stretched from the house throughout the site with a slope so that the water drains by itself into a storm well or into a central storm sewer.

An open drainage method is easier to design and install if your site has a natural slope.

In the event that you do not want surface linear drainage to be visible on your site, you can use backfill drainage.

According to the principle of drainage, the filling type of drainage is very similar to the linear surface type, the difference is that the drainage channels through which water flows are covered with rubble, and grass turf is laid on top. This method also removes water from the entire site just as well, but at the same time the drainage system is not visible, which does not spoil the appearance of your site.

deep drainage

The deep drainage system is fundamentally different from the surface one, both in the way it is laid and in its purpose. If surface drainage was supposed to effectively divert water flows from the surface of the site during rains and floods, then deep drainage is designed to lower the groundwater level and drain excess soil water during prolonged rains and heavy floods.

According to the design, deep drainage is divided into:

1. Horizontal;
2. Vertical;
3. Combined.

Vertical drainage is a specially arranged drainage shafts, deepened on the territory of the site and equipped with pumping stations. Vertical drainage is a complex engineering structure, so it is practically never found in suburban areas.

Combined deep drainage is a combination of horizontal and vertical drainage systems. In some cases, only combined systems are able to maintain the proper water balance of the soil in difficult climatic and relief conditions.

Like vertical systems, the combined one is quite complex structurally and has a high cost, therefore it is extremely rare.

Your attention!

Horizontal drainage systems are much easier and cheaper to install. When laying deep horizontal drainage, a drainage system plan is necessarily drawn up, due to its rather high complexity and a large number of earthworks.

Deep drainage is structurally a set of buried drainage pipes that draw excess moisture from the soil and divert water into drainage wells.

Now, special pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a diameter of 63 and 110 mm are widely used as drainage pipes. These pipes have a corrugated outer surface, a smooth inner surface and perforation along the entire length.

To filter soil and sand particles from the outside, drainage pipes are wrapped in sheets of coconut fibers or geotextiles.

The laying of deep drainage is carried out in stages:

1. With the help of a geodetic level and a laser rangefinder, a thorough survey of the relief of the site is made. If you do not have the appropriate equipment and skills to work with it, then you can simply wait for the next rain and draw a diagram of the flow of water on the surface of the site. This diagram will help you plan your drainage trenches.
2. A network of trenches is dug into which pipes will then be laid. If after that you wait for the next rain, then, by tracing the movement of water in the trenches, you can check the correct laying. If the water does not collect in puddles anywhere in the trenches, then everything is done correctly and you can proceed to the next step.
3. Geotextile tapes 50-60 cm wide are laid along the entire length of the trenches.
4. Drainage pipes are laid on the fabric. At the intersections, they are connected using special tees or crosses.
5. The lower end of the main pipe is connected to a drainage well.
6. Pipes are covered with a layer of crushed stone with a fraction of 20-60 mm. Attention! It is strictly forbidden to use crushed limestone, as it is washed away with water over time, which leads to salinization of the soil.
7. Pipes and crushed stone are wrapped with overlapping geotextile tape to prevent clay and sand from getting inside.
8. The resulting fabric pipe is covered with crushed stone or coarse sand to a level of 20-30 cm below the ground.
9. Next, the trench is covered with a layer of soil typical for this area.

This completes the laying of deep drainage.

All of the above types of drainage systems, with proper design and installation, as well as timely maintenance, will last fifty or more years.

Your attention!

Drainage pumps

In addition to the stationary systems discussed above, which require quite serious investments of money, time and effort, portable drainage pumps are often used for surface drainage of small areas of the area and pumping water from basements and cellars.

The device of the drainage pump is quite simple. It is a compact pump with a wide working chamber and a stainless steel or plastic housing.

In this case, the water intake is carried out at the very bottom of the body, which makes it possible to almost completely remove water from flooded areas or basements. Thanks to the wide working chamber of the pump, it can easily cope with pumping water containing fine debris and sand.

The disadvantage of a drainage pump of this type is the locality of its application. With its help, it is possible to drain only one area at a time, while the rest will be flooded with incoming water.

Designing a groundwater drainage system for a foundation is a top priority for most homeowners. There are various types of drainage, the design of each of them is used in construction to achieve certain goals.

Types by depth

Drainage is a system for draining groundwater or branching it around the site using special water pipes (drains). It performs many necessary functions, ranging from protecting the basement and foundation bearing system from flooding, and ending with ensuring normal natural watering of plants.

According to the depth of occurrence, there are such types of sewer drainage:

1. Surface;
2. Underground.

Surface distinguished by the simplicity of their design. On the site, the use of these systems is necessary for the removal of atmospheric water, for example, after rain. Their main advantage is that the drains are easily visible and, if necessary, cleaned. They can be closed or open type. Closed equipped with a protective grid that prevents leaves or dirt from entering the drainage. open often decorated as a pond, giving zest to landscape design. As a standard, the depth of surface drains rarely exceeds 100 centimeters, but if necessary, they can be slightly deepened to control the flow of perched water.

Photo - surface open view

Underground often has a more complex structure. It is used to divert water from basements or irrigate land on a site that is located on a hill. Due to the fact that the depth of occurrence can be in the range from 1.5 meters to 3, they are used to drain deep groundwater.

Design classification

Both surface and underground drainage can have a different design. Surface ones are of this type:

1. Linear;
2. Point.

Most modern homes have linear drains They are the most efficient in their work. In them, drains help to divert flood waters from the foundation, trees, utility rooms through earthen channels. These channels can go into the septic tank or remove excess liquid just outside the site.

Photo - superficial

Point or local ones are easier to create. They are located only in the lowland points of the site, due to which they do not require large expenditures of funds and effort for arrangement. They are not the usual drains, but rather separately installed wells, which can be open and closed. In addition, many experts recommend creating artificial recesses along retaining walls, external sewers and water pipes, etc.

Types of underground systems:

1. vertical;
2. Horizontal;
3. Combined.

vertical are considered the most complex of all the types described. They are a complex structure in which vertical shafts are installed as storm drains. From them, water enters the main line, from where it is discharged into the septic tank.

Photo - scheme of the vertical

Horizontal drainage is a simple system, similar to the surface, but installed at a higher depth. It can be backfilled, closed with paths or equipped with special pipes with holes. All of these types are often used to create natural drainage of the earth.

Photo - combined

Video: How to make soil drainage in the country

Installation of different types

Depending on the quantity and needs, you can use different ways to install the system. If surface drainage is most often installed simply along the perimeter of the building, then underground drainage has a wider range of applications. By installation, deep drainage happens:

1. Annular;
2. wall-mounted;
3. Plast.

Annular necessary for draining basements and foundations. It does not approach the walls of the building, but allows you to control the amount of precipitation (both melt and rainwater). It is most convenient to use it on sandy soil or loam, where no special efforts are required for melioration. It got its name due to its special design. All drains are closed into a single system - a ring without the use of septic wells. Excess moisture itself with the help of holes in the pipes goes into the deeper layers of the earth.

Photo - subspecies of the ring

wall necessary to protect roads, houses, plants, etc., which are located on clay soil. It is located almost under the perimeters of the building or other structure being drained and provides maximum efficiency with a relative simplicity of design. Depending on the type of building and site, it is allowed to combine ring and wall drainages. With their help, water is collected and partially transported through holes in drains to the deep layers of the earth, the remaining moisture accumulates in wells installed at a certain distance from the walls.

Photo - classic wall

If you want to install a plumbing system that will prevent any penetration of moisture into the basement or house in an aquifer, then use reservoir drainage. This is the most complex system of them all. This type of system can be called an artificial pond, which is installed at the lowest point of the site. Its walls are reinforced with clay, gravel or sand, they are similar to the main drains, which are branched throughout the site. The collected moisture can be used for irrigation or other technical needs.

Photo - reservoir view

Without special automation, i.e. "by eye" it is very difficult to determine which type of drainage is needed. Before starting the installation of any system, it is imperative to consult with surveyors in your region.